We evaluated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of two purine nucleoside analogues, acyclovir (ACV) and ganciclovir (GCV), on lymphoma cells stably harboring Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). Colorimetric caspase assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting with antibodies against apoptosis-related molecules revealed that GCV has cytotoxic activity toward KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells, while ACV has weak or little activity. In addition to the GCV-induced cytotoxicity, apoptosis via caspase-7/8, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and accumulation of p53 and p21 were induced by GCV treatment. In contrast, neither ACV nor GCV have cytotoxicity- or apoptosis-inducing activities toward uninfected cells.
Angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL) is a type of peripheral T‐cell tumour that belongs to the group of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas. Pulmonary lesions can be found in 7%–10% of AITL cases. Imaging findings of the lungs varied; however, immunoblastic infiltration in the lungs is rare. Our patient was a 73‐year‐old man who received repeated chemotherapy for AITL. Fourth‐line therapy using romidepsin controlled the illness, but the patient was hospitalized for dyspnoea and an infiltrative shadow. We performed bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and the culture was positive for
Haemophilus influenzae
. The patient was initially discharged with antibiotic therapy, but hospitalized again. Antibiotics were ineffective and the patient required mechanical ventilation. BAL was performed again, after which fluid cytology revealed immunoblast‐like atypical cells. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with pulmonary infiltration due to AITL. Steroid therapy proved ineffective, and the patient died. BAL was used to effectively diagnose pulmonary AITL infiltration.
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