The purpose of the article. In the process of our empirical research, we had the aim to examine the level of professional reliability of doctors who performed their professional duties during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine. We assumed that the higher the level of professional reliability was, the more effectively doctors will perform their own professional activities in unusual, extreme conditions of their professional activity. The research involved 550 doctors of Rivne Regional Hospital (Rivne, Ukraine). Methods and methodical instrumentation of the research. To solve the problem of our research, a set of methods was used, the choice and combination of which have been determined by the subject, the purpose and the objectives of this research: - theoretical methods – theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific sources and available according to the problem of our research psychological approaches: their systematization, classification, generalization, theoretical modeling to study the phenomenon of professional reliability of doctors who worked in difficult conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine; - empirical methods – the observation, the interview, a questionnaire, testing, the method of expert assessments, which have been used for a deeper, holistic research of the structure of professional reliability of doctors; psychological and pedagogical experiment in the form of the empirical studying of the formation of a structure of professional reliability of doctors. The results of the research. We proved, that for specialists of medical sphere of the activity with a high level of professional reliability there was a main characteristic: the ability to perform professional activities in special and extreme conditions, the formation of professional and moral culture of a doctor, the constant development of components of his/her professional competence, professional readiness and professional reflection, the ability to implement effective psychological and acmeological influences, the development of reflective culture, the formation of a harmonious “self-concept” in professional and managerial activities, the actualization of psychological mechanisms, conditions, factors and determinants of the person’s professional development, etc. In our opinion, the professional reliability of a doctor is characterized by: a high level of stable productivity (or efficiency) of the professional activity; a high level of professional qualification and developed professional competence; optimal intensity of the professional activity; a high level of accuracy and reliability; a high level of organization of the professional activity; low indirectness (depending on purely external factors); creativity; the possibility of developing the subject of the professional activity and ensuring the actual professional growth; focus on achieving positive socially significant goals and results. Conclusions. We proved that bifurcation space of a professionally reliable Doctor includes: the ability to transfer professional experience; a high stable productivity of professional activity; the responsibility for the decisions having been made and their implementation; the ability to achieve own goals in any case; professional knowledge and the experience to be the director of some medical organization; the ability to act in critical situations and situations of cognitive dissonance; the ability to control the flow of doctors’ professional activity; a high level of professional competence; the ability to make and clearly implement their own decisions. If these components of a professionally reliable Doctor are formed at a high level, the Doctor can perform his/her professional activity with a high degree of its productivity, in difficult pandemic conditions, in situations of stress and cognitive dissonance. The latter emphasizes on the difference between the capabilities and the style of internal activity of Doctors who provide their activity in a period of COVID-19 pandemic: the ability to achieve meanings until the moment of meaningful acceptance of surrounding us reality and move on – to expand the meaning of the symbolic space (which is the COVID-19 pandemic) and, according to this, to show the measures of our own meaningful space (human life in a pandemic). Such conditions significantly encourage doctors to improve themselves as real professionals, to update their own professional reliability.
Modern society, which is experiencing dynamic changes due to the new global challenges, is definitely looking for solutions in science and education. The life of many generations has proved that no matter what problems humanity faces, their solution requires intellectual effort, a scientific approach and a quality education system as one of the most effective means of disseminating ideas, knowledge and values. At the same time, such a situation always leads to the thorough attention to the phenomenon of education, in particular higher education. Great expectations and hopes cause significant demands and fundamental tasks that the society puts forward to the academic community. Satisfaction of these requirements and the solution of such tasks is probably not possible without self-analysis and self-reflection, without identifying those problems that inhibit the development of education itself, decrease its functionality, and discredit its status as the spiritual basis of social life. Therefore, we will further try to formulate our vision of current issues and current challenges in higher education.
Innovative development ideas in the modern educational process lead to the search for adequate methods that should provide, firstly, humanistic orientation, secondly, be interactive, thirdly, be based on the ideas of higher psychological mechanisms of consciousness and self-consciousness. The genesismodeling method has to provide an educational strategy for the growing personality. The peculiarity of the genesis-modeling method is that it aims at both the model (ideal representation) of a particular personal formation (value) and the optimal way to achieve it. Due to a dual purpose, this method can be qualified as an innovative psychological-pedagogical project, which has its own value, because its content allows productive educational variations. Genesis-modeling method involves the means of organizing own behavior by a person at the stage of perception as well as at the stage of arbitrary acceptance of an ethical requirement (spiritual value). These characteristics of the genesis-modeling method are deduced from a number of methodological principles: 1) The principle of activity of the situation components, which states the relationship between the subject and social environment; 2) The principle of systematic personal development reveals in internal relations the difficult stage of their transformation in the process of cultural development of the subject; 3) The principle of the active nature of personal development explains the peculiarities of their origin: from natural-reactive to arbitrary-sustainable. The transformative possibilities of the genesis-modeling method are considered using the example of such a value as diligence, which is ranked from high to low level. It reveals the four stages of the personality's growth to the designated value. For each of them, in the task-oriented way, the research presents the specific purpose of the educator's actions, tactics, direction, content, mode of presentation, conditions of action, as well as the nature of the student's response. The taskoriented form of realization of these stages allows carrying out timely postoperative control. The fifth stage is the reflexive one, which includes the appropriate exercises aimed at providing the development of student's value of diligence. The research also presents quantitative results, which testify to the high efficiency of the genesis-modeling method in the general educational process.
Introduction and aim. The purpose of the article is to analyze the peculiarities of suicidal behavior as a result of maladjustment of servicemen to the conditions of military service in Ukraine. The tasks of the article are to identify among militaries: 1) the most significant risk factors for autoregressive and suicidal behavior; 2) the psychological peculiarities of adaptive disorders that may lead to suicide; 3) protective factors against autoregressive and suicidal behavior. Material and methods. To solve the problem of our research, a set of methods was used: theoretical methods – theoretical and methodological analysis of scientific sources, their systematization, classification, generalization; empirical methods – the observation, the interview, a questionnaire, testing, the method of expert assessments. In general 420 militaries were participated in our research. The participants of the 1 st stage of the study were 240 militaries in the age 18-25 years old with suicidal and auto-aggressive behavior in anamnesis and one or more attempts of suicide. These militaries were treated in the psychiatric hospital No 1 in Kyiv (Ukraine). At the 2 nd stage of the study 180 militaries were participated. They were treated in the Main Military Clinical Hospital (the Center), Kyiv, Ukraine. The research was organized during May–November, 2021. Results. We investigated that 120 militaries had various forms of post-suicidal encephalopathy, such as acute affective, non-psychotic state. The number of patients with residual psychoorganic pathology was 41 people (34.16%); after poisoning there were 37 people, the number of patients with toxic encephalopathy – 33 people (27.5%); after self-arson – 9 people, there were 4 patients (3.33%) with burn encephalopathy. We identified the following clinical variants of depressive reactions as a result of maladjustment and suicidal attempts: 1) the reaction of disadaptation in combination with neurosis-like disorders (48.9%); 2) the reaction of maladjustment including hypochondriacal inclusions (in 23.4% of cases of respondents); 3) maladaptive reactions with an anxious component were observed in 28.6% of cases. Conclusion. It was shown that the suicidal behavior of soldiers depended on many external and internal risk factors. We showed protective factors against autoregressive and suicidal behavior.
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