Purpose. Construction of an economic and mathematical model of the optimal organization of a system of business processes and its testing at an enterprise in the field of engineering services. Methodology. Methods of analysis and synthesis, systematization, theoretical generalization are used to study approaches to optimizing business processes of enterprises; modeling to create an economic and mathematical model of the optimal organization of the system of business processes; approbation of the developed model at an enterprise in the field of engineering services. Findings. The article proves the need to assess the impact of various economic factors on the financial results of economic activities of enterprises and the construction of business systems of enterprises, economic and mathematical models for their optimization. It has been determined that business process modeling is an effective means of improving quality management systems in accordance with the requirements of the international standard ISO 9001:2015, determining, identifying and minimizing the risks of enterprises, ensuring their successful activities in general. An economic and mathematical model has been developed for the optimal organization of the system of business processes of an enterprise as a means of maximizing the total profit from the implementation of works and services. Originality. An economic and mathematical model of the optimal organization of the system of business processes of enterprises in the field of engineering services has been built as an effective tool for improving their quality management systems and activities in general. Practical value. The use of the constructed economic and mathematical model of the optimal organization of the system of business processes of enterprises in the field of engineering services will provide the management team with important information for making management decisions aimed at improving quality management systems, achieving key business goals and maximizing profits.
As recent studies showed, the post-communist countries have relatively the highest level of energy poverty in Europe. The poorest of them still are not explored. So, the authors decided to study this problem for Ukraine as one of the largest and poorest post-communist countries in Europe. This Eastern European country experienced a number of challenges before the pandemic, including a war with Russia in the east of the country, high external debt, high energy intensity and low added value of the economy. The purpose of this study is to measure how deep the energy poverty problem in Ukraine is and how it changed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Applying selected quantitative and financial indicators, the authors showed the problem of energy poverty in Ukraine remained acute at the beginning of 2020, especially in terms of heating. Moreover, its level in Ukraine was three times higher than the average level for the all the EU countries. Furthermore, in 2020, during the pandemic, there were drastic increasing arrears of households on utility bills that meant a new leap of energy poverty in Ukraine. This study did not search for the causes of the identified leap in energy poverty, which apparently connected with the global and local economic and social consequences of the pandemic. However, it revealed the depth of this problem and the lower impact of the nature factor (air temperature) on energy poverty during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is required to identify the underlying drivers and develop possible solutions to this problem in Ukraine and other European countries suffering from high energy poverty.
Topicality. Social media and web technologies allow customers to interact and communicate. Companies use social networks to promote their brand information. with the use of technologies Web 2.0 and later companies radically changed marketing processes and switched from interacting with groups of anonymous consumers to targeted interaction with specific consumers, for which it is possible to collect data about advantages, preferences, other purchases, interests and circles of communication. Big brands tend to connect with their customers through social media channels. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace, etc., have a significant impact on the lives of customers and their consumer and information experiences. Social media has a direct impact on how people communicate, exchange information, maintain their profiles, and establish relationships with others. Fashion industry is an important and growing element of modern consumer markets. As competition among fashion brands becomes more intense, offering many alternatives to customers, brand prosperity no longer seems to be guaranteed. The importance of managing clients as valuable assets of brands is no longer underlined. In this regard, it is of interest to explore the use of social media marketing tools (SMM) by fashion industry companies.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to describe the peculiarities of using SMM tools industry companies to implement marketing policies by creating and developing brand capital and intent to purchase.Research results. The conceptual principles and purposes of using marketing of social networks for companies of the fashion industry are considered. On the basis of the analysis, it was established that, firstly, SMM activities of fashion brands include five elements; entertainment, interaction, tendency, adjustment and publicity (word of mouth). SMM branding, relies on and promotes values that are different from those of traditional marketing. Second, SMM's customer-perceived activity is important for all brand capital drivers. Since these measures for trendy brands are valid for all engines, they are quite effective. As an integrated marketing environment, SMM's activity effectively increases value capital by providing customers with a new value that is traditionally not available on ordinary media channels. The platforms of social media brands provide customers with the opportunity to establish sincere and friendly links with the brand and other users, so the brand's on-the-go social communications have had a positive impact on equity and equity of the brand.Conclusions. In comparing the influence of three customer equity drivers on purchase intention, value equity, and brand equity, this study found significant positive impacts. The findings of this study not only draw attention to the definition of brand equity capital but also point to opportunities and difficulties in determining future customer behavior. The conceptual foundations, mechanisms, tools and practice of applying SMM are the subject and prospects for further research in this direction.
The article investigates the process of formation of costs of economic agents of the aviation industry. The transaction costs are considerable in aviation industry, so they shape the organizational patterns within industry. Cost-saving tools are crucial for agents in aviation industry, as it is capital-intensive industry with the large proportion of fixed costs. So the economies of scale and economies of scope are vital factors for cost management. The other ones include outsourcing, airline route design, fuel-efficient aircrafts. The regulation system in case of the aviation industry is broad and intensive, thus it aligns the cost structure and pricing in the industry. Deregulation led to restructuring the industry, application of cost-saving programs, massive merger and acquisitions and competitive pricing. Airports were forced to build partnerships with air carriers balancing their price offers and range of services. The hub-and-spoke airline design set new challenges to airports as for their capacity, convenience and safety. But the need for capital investments also increases dramatically, implying the key role of financial management in airport sustainable development strategy. The dynamics of aggregate indicators of financial results of airport activity in Ukraine for 2014-2018 are analyzed. It is revealed that the formation of cost and revenue centers becomes a tool for optimizing the costs which can be attributed to the efficiencies of scale, efficiencies of scope and effects of concentration. Type by type analysis of operating and non-operating, fixed and variable costs of the aviation industry helped to reveal the potential for cost-saving without considering increase of revenues. The effective using of specific indicators for evaluating the performance of industry agents, in particular RASM and CASM, in the context of the creation of cost centers in the aviation industry has been proved.
Annotation. Introduction. Industry’s development is an actual focus point for regulators and researchers. Certain preconditions for the development are related to the growing influence of digitalization on industry relations and informational support. Client-oriented approach becomes dominant in shaping relations inside and outside the industry. The goal of the article is to develop a concept of the aviation industry ecosystem by creating an algorithm for involvement of its agents and identification of stages to build the process of common efforts to develop the industry. The research relies on the following methods: data search, structural, cause and effect and system analysis. Results. The development of the aviation industry occurs under conditions of tight relationships with related industries, so it has a profound effect on their development too. The central point of this area is an airport, which directly cooperates with aircraft carriers operating under competing business-models of network or low-cost flights, but also is deeply integrated into local economic system as an important part of transport infrastructure. Formation of a common area for development, which is to stimulate the demand in aviation and related industries, notably the tourism, is underway with increasing speed, as liberlization of aviation transportation. So the governmental regulation shall use the specific approaches for the new situation. The aviation industry ecosystem regards a consumer on several stages of the travel process: inspiration for a trip, reservations of tickets, hotel and other services, preparation for a trip, airport experience, flight experience, arrival experience, destination experience and post-trip experience. The article defines which agents are responsible for the successful completion of every stage. The prospects for further research. The prospects for further research may apply the development of an economic-mathematical model for government regulation of the aviation industry under the perspective of its ecosystem development.
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