The main factor which causes to decrease maize grain yield is drought. In most regions where maize is grown, the water stress during the growing period is caused by both lack of soil moisture and high air temperature. The purposes of our study were the estimation and selection of maize lines for drought and heat tolerance based on DNA markers and determination of the correlation between CAPS markers and plant ability to resist the water stress. As the result of study, the significant differences were found between leaf temperature of maize lines which contained favorable alleles by both CAPS markers in 2018 and 2019 (35.72 and 34.41ºC respectively), LSD0.05=1.27. The leaf temperature of maize lines which had SNP (A) by dhn С397 (36.95ºC) differenced significantly with lines contained favorable allele by rspC1090 or lines with no favorable alleles in 2018 (33.68 and 34.35ºC respectively). Based on analysis by seeds germinating in sucrose solution the significant differences were observed between the amount of sprouted seeds in lines contained SNP(G) by rspC1090 and lines without any favorable allele (4% and 2.25% respectively), LSD0.05= 1.70. As the result of correlation analysis, the positive correlation was determined between SNP(A) by dhnС397 marker in maize lines and leaf temperature in 2018-2019 (r=0.16). The positive correlation was observed between SNP(G)byrspC1090 and the percent of sprouted seeds in sucrose solution (r=0.31). Thus, for complex estimation and maize line selection for drought and heat tolerance it could be recommended to use two CAPS markers dhnC397 and rspC1090.
Wide natural variety of carotenoids, including vitamin A precursors, is characteristic of maize (Zea mays L.), which allows using it to combat vitamin A deficiency in the world. Previous studies have established the effectiveness of the use of functional DNA markers in the selection of maize lines with a high content of carotenoids in grain. However, not only improving grain quality but also creating highly productive hybrids competitive on the grain market is currently important. The purpose of our study was to determine the genetic diversity of maize lines using storage protein and DNA markers, as well as to find correlations of two marker systems with FAO characteristics. On the basis of maize lines selected for high content of carotenoids, the allelic state of six SSR markers (phi022, phi034, phi062, phi073, phi079, phi085), electrophoretic spectra of zein and their electrophoretic mobility have been determined. Cluster analysis of maize lines using electrophoretic spectra of zein yielded eight clusters. It was found that the minimum genetic distance was 4.24 and the maximum 7.48 Cluster analysis by the identified alleles for SSR markers allowed to form seven clusters according to the affinity of the lines. Range of changes in genetic distances was from 1.00. to 3.46 The analysis of genetic distance matrices, using the Mantel test, found a correlation between the marker systems under study (r = 0.184). A correlation between the studied marker systems and their relation to FAO characteristics was established. Therefore, in order to increase selection efficiency of maize, it is advisable to use an integrated approach to the evaluation of breeding genotypes involving protein and DNA markers.
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