The optimization is essential in the engineering area and, in conjunction with use of meta-heuristics, has had a great impact in recent years; this is because of its great precision in search of optimal parameters for the solution of problems. In this work, the use of the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm (ABC) is presented to optimize the values for the variables of a proportional integral controller (PI) to observe the behavior of the controller with the optimized Ti and Kp values. It is proposed using a robot built using the MINDSTORMS version EV3 kit. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the improvement and efficiency of the controllers in conjunction with optimization meta-heuristics. In the results section, we observe that the results improve considerably compared to traditional methods. In this work, the main contribution is the implementation of an optimization algorithm (ABC) applied to a controller (PI), and the results are tested to control the movement of a robot. There are many papers where the kit is used in various domains such as education as well as research for science and technology tasks and some real-world problems by engineering scholars, showing the acceptable result.
Mandibular fractures are common facial lesions typically treated with titanium plate and screw systems; nevertheless, this material is associated with secondary effects. Absorbable material for implants is an alternative to titanium, but there are also problems such as incomplete screw insertion and screw breakage due to high pretension in the screw caused by the insertion torque. The purpose of this paper is to find the optimal screw pretension (SP) in absorbable plate and screw systems by means of artificial neural network (ANN) and its inverse (ANNi). This optimal SP must satisfy a desired maximum von Mises strain (MVMS). For training the ANN, a database was generated by means of a design of experiments (DOE). Each DOE configuration was solved by means of finite element method (FEM) calculations. To obtain the optimal value for (SP) in the mini absorbable screw for fracture fixation, a strategy to invert the ANN is developed. Using the ANN coefficients, a sensitive study was performed to identify the influence of the design parameters in the MVMS. The optimal SP obtained was 14.9742 N. The MVMS condition was satisfied with an error less than 1.1% in comparison with FEM and ANN results. The screw shaft length is the most influencing MVMS parameter.
Additive manufacturing represents an alternative that offers great advantages in small-scale production, high level of customization and ease of building complex geometries. However, rapid prototyping parts present mechanical limitations that prevent their use in applications that require greater resistance.
In the present work an experimental analysis was carried out where the processes of Resin Infusion and Hand Lay-Up were compared, performing tests with specimens constructed according to the ASTM D790-17 standard, for laminated material of carbon fiber with plastic nuclei by prototyping fast and tested with two orientations of fibers "3k", (-45? +45? and 0? 90?).
The tests and the statistical analysis of the data were made based on a factorial design, generating results that offer acceptable levels of stiffness and deflection without causing delamination failures, obtaining a combination that allows the manufacture of a piece without the need for a mold. The material constructed by Hand Lay-Up offered the best performance, by not failing by delamination.
Key Words: additive manufacturing, composite materials, bending tests, fused deposition modeling, ABS, delamination.
RESUMEN En los últimos años los materiales compuestos se han desarrollado para diferentes aplicaciones del área ingenieril. En este trabajo se expone primeramente un análisis de una matriz polimérica, en este caso resina epóxica para su aplicación en un material compuesto reforzado con fibras. Se presenta un estudio de las propiedades mecánicas, el cual se llevó a cabo mediante pruebas de tensión realizadas bajo el régimen de la norma ASTM D638; se manufacturaron cinco especímenes de resina los cuales llevaron un proceso de preparación de moldeo adecuado para la optimización de probetas tipo I. El objetivo fue conocer las propiedades de la matriz termoestable para así reforzarla con fibras de carbono y mejorar las propiedades del material compuesto. Posteriormente se analizaron las propiedades mecánicas del material compuesto en el cual se utilizó el refuerzo de fibra de carbono 3k. Para el análisis se fabricaron especímenes con una orientación [0/+45/-45]s; las pruebas realizadas en los especímenes de material compuesto fueron cinco ensayos de tracción basados en la norma ASTM D3039. El proceso de manufactura empleado para la realización de los especímenes de material compuesto fue el método VACCUM BAG WET LAY-UP. Se comprobó que las probetas de matriz polimérica de resina epóxica generan burbujas por el mezclado y por el curado al ambiente; así mismo estas burbujas trabajan como concentradores de tensiones que debilitan el material en pruebas de tracción. En comparación con las propiedades mecánicas del material compuesto, estos muestran un mejor comportamiento por el refuerzo de fibra de carbono y por el proceso de manufactura al vacío.
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