Current situation and agricultural management on the non-black earth area of Russia arebeing gradually worsen by the negative natural factors such as a significant increase of weather based climatic abnormal risks, deterioration of agro-meliorative conditions of agricultural lands because of colonization by tree and shrubbery vegetation and secondary bog formation, hidden degradation of soil fertility. When combined with functional loss of ameliorative complex and meliorative systems amortization, regional agriculture adaptation possibilities were rapidly limited. Production shortfall due no abnormal weather conditions for particular field crops was 19…48% during last five years, level of business realization of bioclimatic potential on a field was decreased by 7…12%.The complete realization of regional agricultural adaptive potential to weather based climatic changes and limitation of greenhouse gases emissions is possible on a basis of regeneration ofalll functions and aspects of ameliorative complex management. Toward this goal the coordinated actions of federal and regional management of Agricultural Complex, Scientific and Educational institutions, project foundations and managers are needed in a relation to human resources, scientific and regulatory supply. Any incomplete treatment in these fields inherent in visual negative consequences for food security and social economic development of rural areas of non-black earth zones not only at the current historical moment, but in a future also. Fundamental influence of solving of these problems deserves to scientific supply of innovative ameliorative complex, renewal of which should be based on principals of resources and energy preservation, nature management, computerization and digitalization management. During a long term research it was established that increase of average vegetation period temperature by lоСhas increased productivity of winter wheat, barley and summer wheat in average on 0,7 tons per ha, winter wheat and oat on 0,4 tons per ha, potatoes – 8,2 tons per ha, edible roots-6,4 tons per ha, cabbage 9,8 tons per ha, dry basis of herbage of multi and one age grasses–0,5 and 0,7 tons per ha. Increase of СО2 Concentration from 0,35 to 0,45% during last twenty years contributed into grow of yield in regional agriculture which can be estimated as 0,3 tons per ha per measure; searching remedy for agroclimatical risks decreasing production became drainage and irrigation systems (decrease 3…5 times);new method of reclamation of abandoned areas with transformation of biomass of tree and shrubbery vegetation into biochar makes it possible to decrease СО2 emissions up to times and get an adverse balance of СО2;secondary reclamation of lands covered by trees and shrubbery on area of 22ha used for vegetables and area of 37ha used for forage crops could supply a farmer with work and revenue sufficient for maintenance of one child what is on the major facts of population declaim in rural areas.
Data on agricultural drained land of Leningrad region under multiple excess of mean annual rainfall are presented. Variables and factors aff ecting air and water regime of guaranteed lifeexpired drained areas are provided. A method of remote sensing of technical conditions of drainage systems is off ered.
On the lands of the Trigorskoye farm, in September 2020, an offsite seminar was held by the section of reclamation of agricultural lands of the Scientific Council of the Agrophysical Research Institute. The seminar participants included more than 30 specialists in the field of agricultural reclamation. The work on cleaning the tubular collector from the flow regulator well with the Poseidon installation with a jet flushing nozzle was demonstrated. The results of the removal of sludge from the tubular collector were verified by the method of excavation and extraction of pipes from the drainage line. Experts of the Agrophysical Research Institute, using an unmanned aerial vehicle, surveyed a section of the drainage reclamation system in order to determine the locations of faults in the closed tubular drainage. The results of the studies obtained will be used by the design and operating organizations of the Pskov region in the development of new technologies for restoring the operation of the drainage pipe drainage with its expired guaranteed service life.
Purpose: Based on the analysis of the performed theoretical, laboratory and field studies of cavityless drainage, both the authors of this article and other researchers established the conditions for ensuring the reliability of its operation during the standard service life. Methods: analysis of the causes and quantitative assessment of the entry of silting particles into the pores of drains from the soil surrounding the drain showed, that in the case of protection of drains from silting with geotextiles, the inflow of particles smaller than 0.05 mm is due to the fact that such particles are colmatizing and geotextiles, in accordance with the requirements for it, must pass them. Another source of their entry is the possibility of formation of filtration deformations at the contact of the drain filler with the surrounding soil when the filtration flow reaches velocities exceeding the erosive ones. Geotextile materials, which are widely used as protective and filtering materials, must pass water into the drainage in the spring, even while still in a frozen state. Results: it has been established that in the laminar regime, filtration deformations in cohesive soils at the contact of the filler with the soil surrounding the drain do not occur in the absence of vibrodynamic loading. In cavityless drainage used in industrial and civil construction, as well as in the case of draining agricultural fields, clogging particles let through by geotextiles reduce the cross-sectional area of drains by no more than 10%. When draining the railway subgrade by pipeless drainage, it is not advisable to protect the drain filler from above. At the same time, the height of the silted part of the drains does not exceed 10 cm for 100 years, which must be taken into account at the design stage. In the case of using geotextile materials as protective and filtering materials, their water loss coefficient μ should be ≥ 0.65 with porosity ≥ 0.8.
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