Abstract:We consider an interacting system of massless scalar and electromagnetic fields, with the Lagrangian explicitly depending on the electromagnetic potentials, i.e., interaction with broken gauge invariance. The Lagrangian for interaction is chosen in such a way that the electromagnetic field equation acquires an additional term, which in some cases is proportional to the vector potential of the electromagnetic field. This equation can be interpreted as the equation of motion of photon with induced nonzero rest-mass. This system of interacting fields is considered within the scope of Bianchi type-I (BI) cosmological model. It is shown that, as a result of interaction the isotropization process of the expansion takes place. PACS
Abstract. We study the hydrodynamics of flow in a porous medium modeling the grain filling in filters. Using the lattice approximation, we derive the structure of the current in porous media and obtain the transverse diffusion coefficient D which proves to be proportional to the diameter d of the grains as constituents of the medium. We consider the axially-symmetric stationary flow in a cylindrical filter and show that the vertical velocity takes its maximal value at the wall, this effect being known as the "near-wall" one. We analyze the solution to the Euler equation with the modified Darcy force, which depends not only on the velocity but also on the gradient of the pressure included in the Darcy coefficient. Finally, within the scope of the perturbation method, we derive the main filtration equation and discuss the influence of modifying the Darcy's law on the efficiency of the filtration process.
In this phenomenological approach to the study of magnetism in bilayer graphene, the chiral model of graphene was employ to describe the interaction of the bilayer graphene with an external magnetic field. The simplest scalar chiral model of graphene suggested earlier and based on the SU (2) order parameter is generalized by including 8-spinor field as an additional order parameter for the description of spin (magnetic) excitations in the bilayer graphene. As an illustration we study the interaction of the bilayer graphene with the external magnetic field orthogonal to the plane. The Lagrangian density of the model was constructed; The Lagrangian density of the model includes the three interacting terms, the spinor field, chiral field, and the electromagnetic field. The domain wall solution describing the bilayer graphene configuration is introduced for studying the magnetic field behavior in the central domain of the material; the solution to the inhomogeneous equations were found using the Green's function method, at small radial field, the paramagnetic behavior of the material was revealed and the strengthening of the magnetic intensity inside the material in the central domain of the material was also revealed.
We consider optical 1D envelope solitons in Kerr dielectric with cubic nonlinearity and use two-solitons configurations for modelling entangled states of photons. We calculate spin, momentum and energy of solitons on the basis of approximate solutions to the nonlinear Maxwell equations and construct entangled two-solitons singlet states in special stochastic representation.
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