RESUMO -Avaliou-se o fluxo de biomassa em Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia pastejado por ovinos com três períodos de descanso (PD), definidos pela expansão de 1,5; 2,5 e 3,5 novas folhas por perfilho, em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com duas repetições (piquetes). Estimaram-se as taxas de alongamento de lâmina foliar total (TAlF), de senescência de lâminas foliares remanescentes do pastejo anterior (TSFA), de senescência das novas folhas formadas no PD (TSFP) e de senescência total (TSFT=TSFA+TSFP), a taxa de alongamento das hastes (TAlH), a razão entre as TAlF das folhas 1 e 2 (razão TAlF1/TAlF2), a densidade populacional de perfilhos (DPP), o filocrono e as taxas de crescimento (TCC) e de acúmulo (TAC) da cultura. A razão TAlF1/2 não foi afetada pelos PD, mas reduziu ao longo dos ciclos na pastagem sob PD 3,5. A TAlF não foi afetada pelos PD. A TAlH, a TSFA e a TSFT na pastagem sob PD 1,5 foram menores que nas demais. Houve TSFP somente na pastagem sob PD 3,5. O filocrono da pastagem sob PD 1,5 foi superior ao observado nas demais. A densidade populacional de perfilhos (DPP) da pastagem sob o PD 2,5 foi similar à verificada na pastagem sob PD 1,5 e superior à verificada sob PD 3,5. Houve redução na DPP ao longo dos ciclos na pastagem sob PD 3,5. As taxas de crescimento (TCC) e de acúmulo (TAC) foram superiores na pastagem sob PD 2,5. O prolongamento do PD elevou as TAlH e TSFT e reduziu a DPP e a TAC. Portanto, o PD do capim-tanzânia pastejado por ovinos não deve exceder o tempo necessário à expansão de 2,5 novas folhas por perfilho.Palavras-chave: lotação rotativa, Panicum maximum, taxa de acúmulo de forragem, taxa de alongamento das hastes, taxa de alongamento foliar, taxa de senescência foliar Biomass flow in tanzaniagrass pasture under three resting periods grazed by sheepABSTRACT -The biomass flow in Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia pasture grazed by sheep under three resting periods (PD), defined by the expansion of 1.5; 2.5 and 3.5 new leaves per tiller (1.5F; 2.5F and 3.5F, respectively) was evaluated in a randomized completely design with two replicates (paddocks). It was determined the leaf elongation rate (TAlF), the residual leaf senescence rate (TSFA), the post-grazing leaf senescence rate (TSFP) and the total leaf senescence rate (TSFT), the stem elongation rate (TAlH), the TAlF of leaves 1 and 2 ratio (TALF1/2), the tiller population density (DPP), the phylochron and the crop growth (TCC) and accumulation (TAC) rates. The TAlF1/2 ratio was not affected by the PD, however, it decreased over the cycles at the 3.5F PD pasture. The TAlF was not affected by the PD. The TAlH was inferior at the 1.5F PD pasture, as well as the TSFA and the TSFT. There was TSFP only at the 3.5F PD pasture. The phylochron of the 1.5F PD pasture was superior to the others. The DPP of the 2.5F PD pasture was similar to that of the 1.5F PD pasture, and it was superior to the 3.5F PD pasture. There was reduction of the DPP following the cycles at the 3.5F PD pasture. The TCC and the TAC of the 2.5F PD pasture were super...
RESUMO -Avaliou-se o fluxo de biomassa em capim-tanzânia sob lotação rotativa com quatro níveis de suplementação concentrada, com período de ocupação de três dias e descanso de 21 dias, em delineamento de parcelas subdivididas, de modo que as parcelas foram os níveis de suplementação (0,0; 0,6; 1,2 e 1,8% do PV) e as subparcelas, os ciclos de pastejo (quatro), com três repetições (piquetes amostrais). Não houve efeito dos níveis de suplementação e dos ciclos de pastejo sobre a relação entre as taxas de lâmina foliar (TAlF) das folhas 1 e 2 recentemente expandidas, com média de 0,69. A suplementação e os ciclos de pastejo tiveram efeito quadrático sobre a taxa de alongamento foliar, cujas estimativas foram de 5,04; 4,95 (ponto de mínimo estimado) e 5,7 cm/perfilho·dia nos níveis de 0,0; 0,46 e 1,8% de suplementação, respectivamente. A taxa de alongamento das hastes e a altura do pseudocolmo não foram afetadas pelos níveis de suplementação. As taxas de senescência foliar anterior, posterior e total não foram afetadas pelos níveis de suplementação nem pelos ciclos de pastejo. Não houve efeito dos níveis de suplementação nem dos ciclos de pastejo sobre o filocrono. A taxa de crescimento da cultura e a taxa de acúmulo da cultura não foram afetadas pelos níveis de suplementação nem pelos ciclos de pastejo. O índice de área foliar residual foi estimado em 2,00 e de 2,72 nos níveis de suplementação de 0,0 e 1,8% PV. Não houve diferença na densidade populacional de perfilhos entre os níveis de suplementação, porém, entre ciclos, observou-se que o ciclo 4 foi superior ao 2 e semelhante aos demais. Os componentes do fluxo de biomassa do capim-tanzânia são pouco afetados pelos níveis de suplementação.Palavras-chave: densidade populacional de perfilhos, índice de área foliar, Panicum maximum, taxa de alongamento das hastes, taxa de alongamento foliar, taxa de senescência foliar Biomass flow of tanzania grass under intermittent stocking with four concentrate supplementation levelsABSTRACT -The biomass flow of Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania under intermittent stocking with four concentrate supplementation levels, with three grazing periods and 21 rest periods was evaluated. A split plot design, with supplementation level (0.0, 0.6, 1.2 and 1.8% of live weight) and grazing cycles as sub-parcels, with three replicates (paddocks) by treatment was used. There was no effect between supplementation levels and grazing cycles on the leaves 1 and 2 TAlF ratio, averaging 0.69. There was a square effect of the supplementation level on the leaf elongation rate, estimating 5.04, 4.95 (estimated minimum point) and 5.70 cm/tiller × day to the levels of 0.0, 0.46 and 1.8% LW, respectively. No effect of the supplementation levels on the culm elongation rate and culm height was observed. The supplementation levels and grazing cycles did not affect the senescence rate of leaves remaining after grazing, of the new emerged leaves, the total senescence rate. No effect of the supplementation levels and grazing cycles on the phylochron was observed. Th...
This research was carried out to evaluate the effects of pregnancy, number of fetuses and feed restriction on nutrients intake and digestibility and on ruminal rate passage. Twenty-four ewes were used at 90, 110 and 130 days of pregnancy, and distributed among treatments according to the number of fetuses. They received balanced diet or restricted diet at 15% of energy and protein requirement. Ewes with two fetuses on feed restriction had more dry matter intake than those with one fetus. At 130 day, the highest dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake occurred. Twin-pregnant ewes showed the highest nutrient digestibility, except for fiber fraction. Feed restriction caused smaller dry matter intake. Ruminal rate passage increased in late pregnancy.
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