The extensive development of digital business in the countryside has had explicit and implicit influences on farmers' production, lifestyle and cognitive mode and has had an impact on their sense of economic gain (SEG). This study aims to determine whether digital business penetration (DBP) improves farmers' SEG in traditional villages in western China, and if significant, this study seeks to determine the mechanism. Based on questionnaire responses from 343 farmers, the empirical results indicate the principle in three ways. First, farmers' SEG grows with business digitization, especially in traditional minority villages. Second, farmers' entrepreneurial orientation (EO) partially mediates DBP's positive effect on SEG. Third, farmers' market response capacity (MRC) plays a positive moderating role, which indicates that in comparison with farmers who have a lower response to market changes, farmers who have a higher response to market changes have a higher SEG promoted by DBP. Furthermore, DBP's impact on farmers' SEG is upgraded throughout their EO, boosted by their MRC. Thus, farmers' MRC is a significant influencing factor for improving their entrepreneurial intention, enhancing their attitude toward digitization and increasing their SEG. INDEX TERMS Digital business penetration, sense of economic gain, entrepreneurial orientation, market responsiveness, farmers. 1 The dual management system characteristic of centralization and decentralization based on the family contractual operation is an introductory Chinese countryside management system. One aspect is family contract management, and the other is collective management.
How to improve the partial or overall performance of rail transit route network, strengthen the connection between different rail network stations, and form corresponding communities to resist the impact of sudden or long-term external factors has earned a lot of attention recently. However, the corresponding research studies are mostly based on the rail network structure, and the analysis and exploration of the community formed by the stations and its robustness are not enough. In this article, the evolution of the China rail transit route network (CRTRN) from 2009 to 2022 is taken as the research object, and its complex network characteristics, BGLL model-based community division, and multi disturbance strategies for network robustness are analyzed in depth to better understand and optimize the rail network structure to further effectively improve the efficiency of the public transport system. It is found that CRTRN is gradually expanding following the southwest direction (with the migration distance of nearly 200 km), the distribution of routes is more balanced, and the number of network communities is steadily decreasing (it dropped from 30 communities in 2009 to 25 in 2019), making various regions become closely connected. However, it can also be found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the CRTRN is strongly affected, and the network structure becomes relatively loose and chaotic (the number of communities became 30). To protect the railway networks, the CRTRN system should pay more attention to stations with high node degree values; if they get disturbed, more areas will be affected. The corresponding research conclusions can provide some theoretical and practical support for the construction of the rail transit network in China.
With the tendency toward economic and strategy decoupling between China and the United States and amidst the anti-globalization trend, enterprises are facing unprecedented challenges and opportunities. In this study, we reveal how the agile intuition (AI) of top managers with respect to the external environment affects enterprise innovation behavior (IB) based on the cognition–behavior framework. Strategic learning (SL) is considered a moderator, and knowledge sharing (KS) is considered a mediator. The survey sample consists of 305 managers from 47 enterprises in China during the COVID-19 period. The empirical results show that top management agile intuition significantly promotes enterprise IB; knowledge sharing (KS) partially mediates the relationship between top manager AI and enterprise IB; and SL suppresses the promotion effect of top manager AI on enterprise IB to a certain extent, hindering blind innovation. In a surprising result, we find that strategic guidance by an external consultant does not significantly affect the enterprise IB in China.
In the network operation and management of rail transit systems, the occurrence of unexpected events causes damage to the network structure, further hindering regional accessibility performance and the function of the system. This study is based on the rail transit operation schedules in 2009, 2013, 2016, 2019 and 2022. We construct a directional weighted rail transit time network (RNNT) with train operation time as the weight, compare the betweenness centrality, sum of the shortest time path and entropy importance, etc., and quantitatively measure the network accessibility, connectivity and its resilience evolution. The results show that the current rail transportation network in China has a “small-world” effect, and there are a few stations with strong connections. The most densely distributed intervals of travel times between pairs of nodes changes from [440, 445] to [207, 210]. The fastest and best-performing disturbance to network connectivity and accessibility performance are both caused by the betweenness disturbance strategy. When the network connectivity remains 80% effective, the ratio of failed nodes under the static betweenness centrality strategy decreases from 3.96% in 2009 to 2.31% in 2022, with weaker connections between node pairs, and their network resilience diminishes. When the network accessibility remains 80% effective, the ratio of failed nodes under the static (dynamic) betweenness centrality strategy increases from 0.13% (0.13%) in 2009 to 0.20% (0.23%) in 2022. Therefore, the rail transit network can protect the corresponding rail stations based on the station ranking of the above strategies, and this research is beneficial to rail transit network protection and structure optimization.
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