How Digital Business Penetration Influences Farmers’ Sense of Economic Gain: The Role of Farmers’ Entrepreneurial Orientation and Market Responsiveness

Abstract

The extensive development of digital business in the countryside has had explicit and implicit influences on farmers' production, lifestyle and cognitive mode and has had an impact on their sense of economic gain (SEG). This study aims to determine whether digital business penetration (DBP) improves farmers' SEG in traditional villages in western China, and if significant, this study seeks to determine the mechanism. Based on questionnaire responses from 343 farmers, the empirical results indicate the principle in three ways. First, farmers' SEG grows with business digitization, especially in traditional minority villages. Second, farmers' entrepreneurial orientation (EO) partially mediates DBP's positive effect on SEG. Third, farmers' market response capacity (MRC) plays a positive moderating role, which indicates that in comparison with farmers who have a lower response to market changes, farmers who have a higher response to market changes have a higher SEG promoted by DBP. Furthermore, DBP's impact on farmers' SEG is upgraded throughout their EO, boosted by their MRC. Thus, farmers' MRC is a significant influencing factor for improving their entrepreneurial intention, enhancing their attitude toward digitization and increasing their SEG. INDEX TERMS Digital business penetration, sense of economic gain, entrepreneurial orientation, market responsiveness, farmers. 1 The dual management system characteristic of centralization and decentralization based on the family contractual operation is an introductory Chinese countryside management system. One aspect is family contract management, and the other is collective management.

The Nonlinear Relationship between Intellectual Property Protection and Farmers’ Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Analysis Based on CHFS Data

“…In order to ensure that the entrepreneurial group is more dynamic, the sample households whose head is over 60 years old are excluded from this paper. The regression results are shown in Table 4 model (8), which shows that the primary coefficient of IPR protection is significantly positive and the secondary coefficient is significantly negative, showing an inverted U-shaped relationship between the two. The results are consistent with the baseline regression results of this paper, indicating the robustness of the results of this paper.…”

“…Current studies in the literature related to factors influencing farm household entrepreneurship discuss individual characteristics, such as cognitive ability [3]; financial literacy [4] and management skills [5]; household characteristic factors, such as family structure [6], mobility constraints [7] and digital literacy [8]; and macro policy environment aspects, such as agricultural subsidies [9], land titling [10] and technological advances [11]. As a manifestation of the institutional environment, while some scholars argue that intellectual property protection can contribute to the ternary relation of the "entrepreneurial orientation-innovation-entrepreneurship" triad and further promote entrepreneurial behavior [12], others argue that strong intellectual property protection can prevent knowledge spillovers from occurring and thus discourage the entry of new firms [13] and the development of entrepreneurial activities.…”

How to Enhance Citizens’ Sense of Gain in Smart Cities? A SWOT-AHP-TOWS Approach

“…The sense of spiritual gain refers to one’s overall feelings regarding the advantages of economic and social growth, such as the right to enjoy fairness and justice, realizing self-worth and social value, and a rise in economic and social status. The sense of material gain refers to the feelings brought to people by objective material conditions, such as education, transportation, housing, medical care, and social security (Wan & Guo, 2021 ; Xie et al, 2020 ). Jia et al ( 2022 ) established a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model for farmers’ sense of gain in providing rural infrastructure and verified the validity of the model through investigation.…”

“…Wan & Gu ( 2021 ) analyzed the current situation of the demand for sense of gain, and proposed strategies (construct high-quality courses, cultivate people’s responsibilities, and implement “soft elimination” of training links) for enhancing the sense of gain of food science students. Xie et al, ( 2020 ) analyzed the impact mechanism of the digital business penetration rate of traditional villages in western China on farmers’ sense of economic gain through a combination of qualitative and quantitative study, and proposed strategies (improve farmers’ entrepreneurial intention, and enhance farmers’ attitude toward digitization) for improving farmers’ sense of gain. Although scholars have studied the strategies for enhancing the sense of gain across various groups of people for specific matters, there is limited research on the strategies for enhancing CSG in smart cities.…”

Place Identity, Social Capital, and Rural Homestay Entrepreneurship Performance: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy

“…Farmers' entrepreneurship performance has received much attention and has become a hot topic in the academic area. Land titling [7], digital business penetration or E-commerce [8,9], intellectual property protection [10], digital village construction [11], and other factors are examined in the mechanism. During the abundant and substantial research, Naminse et al [12,13] stated that farmer entrepreneurship studies must emphasize more the individual and his/her characteristics.…”