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cleroderma is a chronic autoimmune disease that results in skin and organ fibrosis and microvascular abnormalities, with an incidence of 2.7 per 100,000 people. 1,2 More than 90 percent of patients develop sclerotic skin changes such as dermatogenic contractures, sclerodactyly, perioral plication, microstomia, and mask-like facial stiffness. Lesions can develop further, leading to hair loss, diminished sweating, hyperpigmentation, depigmentation, or severe pruritus, all

Background: Transducin-like enhancer of Split3 (TLE3) serves as a transcriptional corepressor during cell differentiation and shows multiple roles in different kinds of cancers. Recently, TLE3 together with many other genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected hyper-methylated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential role and the underlying mechanism of TLE3 in CRC progression remain scarce.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) transplantation is a promising means of increasing whole‐body energy metabolism to ameliorate obesity. However, the changes in BAT following transplantation and the effects of the microenvironment of the recipient site on graft function have yet to be fully characterized. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of transplanting BAT from C57BL/6 mice into the dorsal subcutaneous region or deep to the quadriceps femoris muscle of leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice. Subcutaneously transplanted BAT lost features of BAT and demonstrated greater inflammatory cell infiltration and more oil cysts 16 weeks following transplantation. By contrast, the sub‐muscularly transplanted BAT maintained features of BAT and was more highly vascularized. Interestingly, sub‐muscular BAT transplantation led to a significant increase in oxygen consumption and less inflammation in subcutaneous fat, which was associated with long‐term reductions in insulin resistance and body mass gain, whereas the subcutaneous transplants failed after 16 weeks. These results demonstrate that the beneficial effects of BAT transplantation depend upon the microenvironment of the recipient site. Skeletal muscle may provide a microenvironment that maintains the inherent features of BAT grafts over a long period of time, which facilitates a reduction in obesity and improvements in glucose homeostasis.

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epression or loss of soft tissue is a common problem in plastic surgery. Following standardization of fat grafting techniques, 1 autologous fat grafting has become a very important and valuable method for volume augmentation and tissue reconstruction, with the advantages of abundant sources, easy acquisition, and no graft rejection reaction. However, some problems with fat transplantation, such as unpredictable retention rates, the need for multiple operations, and high complication rates, remain unsolved.Centrifugal force was found to have potential impact on the viability of lipoaspirates and longterm graft retention. 2,3 Centrifugation using the Coleman technique was found to yield higher numbers of viable adipocytes than the conventional fat grafting process, making the Coleman technique the preferred method of preparing lipoaspirates. 4 Centrifugation using the standard Coleman technique was shown to create a graded

Background: Fat grafting is a frequently used technique; however, its survival/ regeneration mechanism is not fully understood. The browning of white adipocytes, a process initiated in response to external stimuli, is the conversion of white to beige adipocytes. The physiologic significance of the browning of adipocytes following transplantation is unclear.Methods: C57BL/6 mice received 150 mg grafts of inguinal adipose tissue, and then the transplanted fat was harvested and analyzed at different time points to assess the browning process. To verify the role of browning of adipocytes in fat grafting, the recipient mice were allocated to three groups, which were administered CL316243 or SR59230A to stimulate or suppress browning, respectively, or a control group after transplantation.Results: Browning of the grafts was present in the center of each as early as 7 days post-transplantation. The number of beige cells peaked at day 14 and then decreased gradually until they were almost absent at day 90. The activation of browning resulted in superior angiogenesis, higher expression of the pro-angiogenic molecules vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), fewer macrophages, and ultimately better graft survival (Upregulation, 59.17% ± 6.64% vs. Control, 40.33% ± 4.03%, *p < 0.05), whereas the inhibition of browning led to poor angiogenesis, lower expression of VEGF-A, increased inflammatory macrophages, and poor transplant retention at week 10 (Downregulation, 20.67% ± 3.69% vs. Control, 40.33% ± 4.03%, *p < 0.05).Conclusion: The browning of WAT following transplantation improves the survival of fat grafts by the promotion of angiogenesis and reducing macrophage.

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