To explore cheap alternatives for platinum electrocatalysts, many strategies have been widely studied. And Pd is regarded as a ideal alternative catalyst due to its high stability and catalytic activity. In this work, we designed a facile method to prepare a highly efficient electrocatalyst in which ultrafine Pd nanoparticles are embedded into N-doped porous carbon nanosheets for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline and acid media. A series of products with different Pd quantities were in situ prepared in the absence of additional reductant and capping agents by varying the addition of PdCl2, while the morphology and the structural features of products through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and BET measurements show that Pd nanoparticles are embedded into N-doped porous carbon nanosheets. Obviously, the sample of Pd-NCs-3 demonstrate the best electrocatalytic activity and remarkable long-term stability among the series, which is superior to that of commercial Pd/C and comparable to that of commercial Pt/C for ORR in alkaline and acid media. The results provides a novel strategy for the rational development of cheap alternatives for platinum electrocatalysts.
With new services emerging in fifth generation (5G)-advanced, the evolution in duplex modes plays an important role to meet more stringent requirements for both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) transmissions. In this paper, sub-band full duplex (SBFD) at base station (BS) is studied as an attainable evolution of the traditional time division duplex (TDD). Both user equipment (UE) transparent SBFD and UE perceptive SBFD are proposed and studied to serve different types of UEs. To tackle the interference introduced by SBFD, a model including both BS self-interference and cross-link interference (CLI) is presented as a first step, and new interference management schemes are proposed. Three approaches to mitigate BS self-interference, namely the passive suppression, analog interference cancellation and digital interference cancellation are analyzed. A new framework for CLI management is illustrated along with enhancements for interference identification, spatial domain interference coordination and power domain adjustment. To validate the feasibility and performance of the proposed SBFD methods under indoor and dense urban scenarios, system-level simulations (SLSs) are carried out and a proof-of-concept (PoC) is developed for the purpose of obtaining experimental results.
The CCCH zinc finger gene family encodes a class of proteins that can bind to both DNA and RNA, and an increasing number of studies have demonstrated that the CCCH gene family plays a key role in growth and development and responses to environmental stress. Here, we identified 57 CCCH genes in the pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genome and explored the evolution and function of the CCCH gene family in C. annuum. Substantial variation was observed in the structure of these CCCH genes, and the number of exons ranged from one to fourteen. Analysis of gene duplication events revealed that segmental duplication was the main driver of gene expansion in the CCCH gene family in pepper. We found that the expression of CCCH genes was significantly up-regulated during the response to biotic and abiotic stress, especially cold and heat stress, indicating that CCCH genes play key roles in stress responses. Our results provide new information on CCCH genes in pepper and will aid future studies of the evolution, inheritance, and function of CCCH zinc finger genes in pepper.
Plant cytochrome P450 is a multifamily enzyme widely involved in biochemical reactions for the synthesis of antioxidants, pigments, structural polymers, and defense-related compounds. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important plant. A comprehensive identification and characterization of P450 genes would provide valuable information on the evolutionary relationships of genes and their functional characteristics. In this study, we identified P450 genes in pepper with the aid of bioinformatics methods to investigate the phylogenetic relation, gene structure, chromosomal localization, duplicated events, and collinearity among Solanaceae species. We identified and classified 478 genes of P450 from the pepper genome into two major clades and nine subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Massive duplication events were found in the P450 gene family, which may explain the expansion of the P450 gene family. In addition, we also found that these duplication genes may have undergone strict purification selection during evolution. Gene expression analysis showed that some P450 genes that belong to clan 71 in pepper may play an important role in placenta and pericarp development. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and transcriptome analysis, we also found that many P450 genes were related to defensive and phytohormone response in pepper. These findings provide insight for further studies to identify the biological functions of the P450 genes in pepper.
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