Phylogenomic analysis of cytochrome P450 multigene family and its differential expression analysis in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Abstract

Plant cytochrome P450 is a multifamily enzyme widely involved in biochemical reactions for the synthesis of antioxidants, pigments, structural polymers, and defense-related compounds. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an economically important plant. A comprehensive identification and characterization of P450 genes would provide valuable information on the evolutionary relationships of genes and their functional characteristics. In this study, we identified P450 genes in pepper with the aid of bioinformatics methods to investigate the phylogenetic relation, gene structure, chromosomal localization, duplicated events, and collinearity among Solanaceae species. We identified and classified 478 genes of P450 from the pepper genome into two major clades and nine subfamilies through phylogenetic analysis. Massive duplication events were found in the P450 gene family, which may explain the expansion of the P450 gene family. In addition, we also found that these duplication genes may have undergone strict purification selection during evolution. Gene expression analysis showed that some P450 genes that belong to clan 71 in pepper may play an important role in placenta and pericarp development. Through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and transcriptome analysis, we also found that many P450 genes were related to defensive and phytohormone response in pepper. These findings provide insight for further studies to identify the biological functions of the P450 genes in pepper.

Genome-wide identification and expression analyses of CYP450 genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

“…The monogenic family CYP97 clan consists of two genes, namely IbCYP97A1 and IbCYP97B1. This is similar to the case of pepper (3 genes) [42]. These two genes are specifically expressed in the leaves and stems of sweet potato, indicating a potential relationship with the growth and development of sweet potato stems and leaves.…”

“…In contrast, more members of the CYP450 gene family have been identified in other crops. For example, 326 CYP450 family members were identified in rice, 332 CYP450 genes in soybean, and 478 CYP450 genes in pepper [7,42,43]. This could be attributed to the fact that sweet potato's two genomes are too similar.…”

“…The sweet potato is one of the plants that has been extensively studied. In recent years, an increasing number of CYP450 family genes have been discovered in crops, such as rice, soybean, and chili pepper [7,42,43]. However, there have been few reports on this gene family in sweet potatoes.…”

Elucidating the role of monoacetylphlorogulcinol in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas ‘gingeri’ against Agaricus bisporus

“…Multiple studies have confirmed that ABC transporters and MFS transporters enhance fungal resistance to toxic substances, including 2,4‐DAPG, closely related to MAPG 58–60 . The P450 family is present in almost all organisms, and extensively involved in the biosynthesis of antioxidants and defense molecules, playing a crucial role in combating harmful biotic stresses 61 . Therefore, cytochrome P450s, MFS transporter, and ABC transporter likely play important roles in the defense against MAPG toxicity in A. bisporus and may serve as candidate genes for disease resistance breeding.…”