This study aimed at determining the choice and administration duration of ideal antibiotic prophylaxis before percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) operation, a treatment modality for nephrolithiasis. The study included 90 patients who had no internal problem, yet had a negative urine culture and underwent a PNL operation. We compared infection rates between ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone groups and their subgroups. The results showed no statistical difference between ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone groups in terms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (CIPP = 0.306,  CTX P = 0.334. As a result of this study no statistical difference was observed between ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone in terms of SIRS. It seems, however, reasonable to choose ceftriaxone, considering antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms and detection of three cases accepted as urosepsis in the ciprofloxacin group. As there is no difference between short, and long-term prophylactic use of these antibiotics, preference of short-term prophylaxis for patients with no risk of infection will be important to avoid inappropriate antibiotic usage.

Objective: In the treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MNE), enuretic alarm devices (EADs) are the first recommended treatment option. This study aimed to evaluate parental and child compliance with EAD treatment. Material and methods:Fifty patients for whom EAD therapy was recommended were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 10.4 years (5-16). All the patients were nursery or school children. Patients who did not return for their follow-up visits were called by phone, and verbal information were gathered about the use and performance success of the device. We documented the patients who used, and did not use the EAD with their reasons.Results: Nineteen (36%) patients were able to use the EAD without any problems. Eight of the remaining 31 patients didn't return for control, and they could not be get in touch with, either. Of the 23 (46%) families whom we could get a contact, 4 families did not purchase EAD due to a decrease in the number of wet nights, 4 families due to compensatory payment,and 3 families due to reluctance of one of the parents. One family reported that they gave up the EAD treatment because of the disturbing loud volume of the device. Four families reported that their children refused to use the EAD. Four families said that they could not use the EAD regularly because the device frequently did not work properly. In this study, we could not keep in touch with 16% of the patients, and 46% of the patients stopped using or did not receive this therapy. Conclusion:Although EAD has been the priorly recommended alternative with its relatively higher success, and lower recurrence rates, our study demonstrated that the compliance of families with this treatment is below the expected level.

Urinary bladder carcinoma is the second most common cancer of the urinary system. The recurrence rate in the upper urinary system (UUS) for urothelial cancers is around 3% following radical cystectomy. The followup generally consists of imaging studies and urinary cytology, although there are no prospective data on the frequency, the mode, and the duration of followup. In patients carefully selected according to risk factors, kidney-sparing minimally invasive methods (ureteroscopic procedures, percutaneous approach, and local drug instillation) appear as contemporary alternatives for low-grade and low-stage primary UUS. In this paper, we present the patient who underwent radical cystectomy with urinary diversion ureterocutaneostomy, was diagnosed with widespread bilateral UUS tumors and recurrent tumor at the urostomy site at active followup, for which he was given local Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and cryotherapy, and was followed by disease-free for 2 years thereafter.

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Purpose-The primary policies of the financial management could be stated as the investment, financing and profit share, and there are different approaches between the various opinions on the target of the dividend policies is to increase the value of the company. The dividend policies include the decisions about sharing the business income obtained at the end of the period to the partners or being turned these assets into the investment. One of the purposes of the establishment of the company is to make a profit and share this to the partners. The dividend policy is also important in terms of maximization the stock quotes. Methodology-It is inconsistent with the expectation that the business grows and gives a high-profit share at the same time. Being the dividend policies intensifier of the productivity of the company and supportive of the growth are so important to eliminate this inconsistency. Findings-By this purpose, firstly the terms in the study are described, and the relations between these terms are tried to be supported by the literature review by the premise studies. The hypothesizes of the study are started to be improved by being generated the theoretic frame. The research was done by a questionnaire form about how the companies actualized the profit sharing, such a relationship between their financial growth and their dividend policies has existed and how these policies affect the company value. Conclusion-The data obtained were evaluated by the statistical analysis and tested by the hypothesizes. The dividend policies of companies in logistics sector in Turkey are specified at the end of the review and seen that a significant relation between company growths by the dividend policies and growing the companies financially as directly proportional.