The choice of battery type for electric vehicles is of great importance. For electric vehicle manufacturers, this issue is the biggest engineering problem. An electric vehicle produced with the right battery type will undoubtedly be preferred by users. In this study, the charge and discharge characteristics of four different battery types with a fixed charger were investigated. The batteries were then placed on a hybrid electric vehicle model and the charge and discharge characteristics were examined. The batteries were then placed on a hybrid electric vehicle model and the charge and discharge characteristics were examined.

Electrification in urban transportation is becoming more popular, it is also becoming a necessity due to climate changes and sustainability issues. Trolleybuses are presenting an alternative for this purpose. Although their technology is a mature technology that has been used for decades, there are still some technical problems that need to be overcome. In this study, a technical method is presented for the conversion of trolleybus auxiliary power units. The electrification conversion demanded by the metropolitan public transportation company operating 22 trolleybuses in the province of Malatya is the replacement of diesel generators, used as auxiliary power units, with battery units capable of meeting the local operational requirements. For this purpose, a method is proposed and followed. At the first step of the implementation, real-time data has gathered from a trolleybus and this one round tour data is used to run on a scaled experiment. The setup has prepared as hardware and software to simulate the consumption on a scaled battery pack. Experimental results were interpreted with capacity and voltage restrictions resulting in the determination of battery chemistry and casing to be used. Then optimal battery placement was defined as a container loading problem and application was made with the first fit decreasing algorithm considering mass and volume restrictions. It was found that only two packing types out of six combinations are enough to form a battery pack within the mass and volumetric limitations. It is evaluated that the method İSMAİL CAN DİKMEN, is with

Battery selection remains an up-to-date engineering problem for hybrid and electric vehicle manufacturers. Type of battery and its capacity will depend on the trip and vehicle parameters. An electric vehicle produced with the ideal bat-tery type will undoubtedly be preferred by customers. Data collected from black boxes of trolleybuses operated by Malatya Metropolitan Municipality were used in this study. The real road and driver characteristics were included in the study with the experimentally obtained data. These data are the accelerator pedal data obtained from vehicles driven by different drivers in regular and congested traf-fic hours. In this study, four different battery chemistries were run separately on a hybrid vehicle model and analyzed. Chosen battery chemistries are the most commonly used by manufacturers. These are Lead Acid, Nickel Cadmium, Nickel Metal Hydride and Lithium Iron Phosphate batteries. The results of the study are presented in detail comparatively. Among the battery chemistries, Lithium iron phosphate is observed to be the most ideal battery type for hybrid electric vehi-cles.

The reality of global warming brings along an increase in environmental aware-ness. In recent years, this awareness has shifted public focus on electric vehicles. For a large group of people greenhouse gas emission is attributed to internal combustion engines. However, some challenges have arisen for electric vehicles. Limited range due to immature battery technologies and insufficient fast charging technologies that do not meet end user expectations are some major obstacles to overcome. Eventual-ly this situation negatively affects the sales and the wide use of electric vehicles. That is the reason why studies on wired and wireless charging systems play an important role in improving the sales performance of electric vehicles. In this study a thorough review of worldwide electric vehicle charging systems is conducted and discussed in the framework of the electric vehicles, charging stations, installations, and implemen-tation of standards in Turkey. The distribution of charging stations in Turkey are analyzed with respect to location, region, type, infrastructure requirements and future projections. The historical development of charging technologies, modes and charge levels have been studied in detail. As highlight of this study, wireless charging tech-nologies were also discussed and the historical development process was analyzed along with related standards. The current state of electric vehicle sector and charging stations in Turkey are discussed and provided with up to date information.