Recent optical, physical, and biological oceanographic observations are used to assess the magnitude and variability of the penetrating flux of solar radiation through the mixed layer of the warm water pool (WWP) of the western equatorial Pacific Ocean. Typical values for the penetrative solar flux at the climatological mean mixed layer depth for the WWP (30 m) are ∼23 W m−2 and are a large fraction of the climatological mean net air‐sea heat flux (∼40 W m−2). The penetrating solar flux can vary significantly on synoptic timescales. Following a sustained westerly wind burst, in situ solar fluxes were reduced in response to a near tripling of mixed layer phytoplankton pigment concentrations. This results in a reduction in the penetrative flux at depth (5.6 W m−2 at 30 m) and corresponds to a biogeochemically mediated increase in the mixed layer radiant heating rate of 0.13°C per month. These observations demonstrate a significant role of biogeochemical processes on WWP thermal climate. We speculate that this biogeochemically mediated feedback process may play an important role in enhancing the rate at which the WWP climate system returns to normal conditions following a westerly wind burst event.

The wearable biosensing and food safety monitoring equipment requires high-brightness and thermally stable nearinfrared (NIR) phosphor-converted light emitting diodes (pc-LEDs), and the performance of these pc-LEDs is highly dependent on the properties of the NIR phosphors. This work reports an ultrawide near-infrared emission phosphor Ca 3 Sc 2 Si 3 O 12 : Cr 3+ . Under 460 nm excitation, Ca 3 Sc 2 Si 3 O 12 : Cr 3+ presents an ultrawide emission range from 650 to 900 nm. The weak absorption capacity of Cr 3+ is the main factor causing its undesirable luminous efficiency. Ce 3+ was introduced into the matrix as a role of sensitizer to contribute to the improvement of the absorption of Cr 3+ . An efficient process for energy transfer from Ce 3+ to Cr 3+ can be observed within the Ca 3 Sc 2 Si 3 O 12 codoped substance with Ce 3+ and Cr 3+ . The sample with the best doping concentration has demonstrated excellent thermal stability. At a particular temperature at 150 °C, the phenomenon of the near-infrared emission intensity is maintained at 82% at room temperature. The output power of the NIR-pc-LED based on the Ca 3 Sc 2 Si 3 O 12 : Ce 3+ , Cr 3+ and 450 nm chip reached 21.65 mW@350 mA. The excellent performance of penetrating human tissues demonstrated by the near-infrared pc-LED was observed.

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs) have many prospective applications in areas related to food inspection, health management, plant growth, and night vision, because NIR phosphors are critical components of the corresponding devices. Given the wide‐ranging applicability of the material, this study is designed to comprehensively evaluate a series of novel NIR phosphors: BaMgGaxAl10–xO17:Cr3+ (x = 0, 1, 2, 3). The ultra‐low‐temperature (4 K) fluorescence spectroscopy and decay curve results confirm that Cr3+ occupies the four lattice sites of Al3+ in the matrix. Additionally, the introduction of Ga3+ increases the full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) of the NIR spectrum from 100 to 300 nm without affecting the fluorescence efficiency; it also considerably increases spectral coverage. An experiment to evaluate the applicability of the novel NIR phosphors reveals that the sunlight‐converting film prepared by applying the material combination of BaMgGa3Al7O17:0.02Cr3+ is able to effectively promote the growth of Chlorella. In addition, the NIR pc‐LED with a BaMgGa3Al7O17:0.2Cr3+ basis and 395‐nm LED chip has been proven to be an excellent candidate for applications in NIR spectral detection and night‐vision technology.

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HighlightA portion of the cadmium taken up by the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii can be apoplasmically transported to the xylem via root apexes and lateral roots, where the suberin lamellae are not well developed.

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