As the interdependent global economy increased, ASEAN responded with the creation of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The AEC is expected to become the ASEAN arena of learning regional economic integration before entering the global integration. Indonesia, as the largest country in the region, should be a natural leader. However, the level of investment in Indonesia was lost to Singapore and several other ASEAN countries, thus Indonesia should see the potential of the AEC and maximize it to benefit the strengthening of Indonesia's strength. This research aimed to explain the AEC background, the potentials and challenges of the AEC, the AEC 2015 and 2025 comparisons. Using qualitative methods with inductive logical thinking, and constructivism as the analysis framework, the result shows that AEC 2025 is believed to be the integration of the regional economy with a dynamic and sustainable process. Thus, Indonesia can strengthen its position in AEC 2025, using a constructivism approach to reform Indonesian identity into the structure.
The rapid increase in the use and exploration of outer space raises concerns about its sustainability in a sustainable manner. Countries seek multilateral solutions through the guidelines for the long-term sustainability of outer space activities (LTSOSA) which was adopted in June 2019 in the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) forum. Indonesia as a country that organizes the use and exploration of outer space has an interest in ensuring the security of the implementation of outer space in a sustainable manner. Thus, it is necessary for the mapping of Indonesia’s interest in implementing the LTSOSA guidelines. The interest mapping will illustrate the urgency of the LTSOSA guidelines for Indonesia's national security particularly outer space security. The analysis shows that the LTSOSA guidelines contain items related to outer space security which are of vital national importance to Indonesia. This article is expected to become input for Indonesia's attitude and position towards the implementation of the LTSOSA guidelines.Keywords: Indonesia, long term sustainability of outer space activities, outer space security Penggunaan dan eksplorasi antariksa yang semakin pesat menimbulkan kekhawatiran terhadap kelestariannya secara berkelanjutan. Negara-negara mencari solusi secara multilateral melalui pedoman kegiatan antariksa berkelanjutan jangka panjang atau dikenal guidelines for the long-term sustainability of outer outer space activities (LTSOSA) yang disahkan pada Juni 2019 dalam forum United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Outer space (UNCOPUOS). Indonesia sebagai negara yang menyelenggarakan penggunaan dan eksplorasi antariksa berkepentingan untuk menjamin keamanan penyelenggaraan keantariksaannya secara berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya pemetaan kepentingan Indonesia dalam mengimplementasikan guidelines LTSOSA. Pemetaan kepentingan akan menggambarkan mengenai urgensi guidelines LTSOSA bagi keamanan nasional Indonesia khususnya bidang keantariksaan. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa guidelines LTSOSA memuat butir-butir terkait keamanan keantariksaan yang menjadi kepentingan nasional vital bagi Indonesia. Artikel ini diharapkan menjadi bahan masukan sikap dan posisi Indonesia terhadap implementasi guidelines LTSOSA. Kata-kata kunci: Indonesia, keamanan keantariksaan, keberlanjutan kegiatan luar angkasa dalam jangka panjang
Space exploration is growing from cold war to present. Actors also began to change, not only developed state or developing state, but also industry. Industry offers more economical space exploration, which is driving the industry increasing. However, state remains primary party responsible for ensuring space exploration are peaceful purposes and beneficial to all mankind. Thus, need to analyze how state and business groups relationships in the development of the private space industry? The method to be used in this research is content analysis related to governed interdependence. The analysis will use source data in the form of journals, books, and media information about the development of space industry by the state and business groups that influence it in political economy. From the analysis results know that the pattern of relationship between countries and groups in the development of space industry is interdependence to develop a world class strategic industry. This paper is important in the development of international political economy concept.
Dinamika geopolitik kawasan Indo-Pasifik dipengaruhi juga oleh kerja sama dan persaingan antara Cina, Jepang, dan India di ranah antariksa. Indonesia yang berada di tengah kawasan geopolitik ini serta memiliki kepentingan nasional keantariksaan berada dalam situasi yang menguntungkan sekaligus menantang. Dengan menggunakan konsep pragmatic equidistance dan diplomasi antariksa, makalah ini membahas situasi diplomatik keantariksaan Indonesia dihadapkan pada tiga spacefaring nations kawasan. Makalah ini menyimpulkan bahwa Indonesia secara alamiah menjaga jarak dan mencoba mengambil manfaat dari kondisi ini, namun belum secara sistematis dan aktif menggunakan strategi yang komprehensif dalam menghadapi ketiganya demi kepentingan dan agenda keantariksaan nasionalnya sendiri.
This research analyzed the PSI political campaign strategy in gaining votes from overseas voters by taking the case of PSI’s victory in the 2019 general election in New Zealand. The main question in this paper is how the PSI political campaign strategy in New Zealand could win votes in the 2019 general election? To tackle this question, we used a communication strategy theory that emphasizes the vision and mission criteria, programs and activities, objectives and results, audience selection, message formulation, identification of message carriers, and communication/media mechanisms. This research utilized a qualitative method with two data collection techniques—primary and secondary. This research aims to examine the political campaign strategy of PSI in the 2019 general election in gaining overseas voters, specifically focusing on the winning of PSI in New Zealand. This study also aims to draw the campaign strategy, message processing and communication media used to attract overseas voters to gain victory.
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