Abstract. Nugroho A, Matra DD, Siregar IZ, Haneda NF, Istikorini Y, Rahmawati R, Amin Y, Siregar UJ. 2021. Early growth evaluation and estimation of heritability in a sengon (Falcataria moluccana) progeny testing at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2728-2736. Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) is widely cultivated as a monoculture plantation in community forests that still poses a high risk of pest and disease attacks. Although plants naturally show signs of resistance, there is still however a lack of understanding on the influence of relative plant resistance on growth due to environmental and genetic factors. This study was aimed to evaluate the early growth of a sengon progeny testing in Kediri, East Java and to estimate the genetic parameters with respect to its resistance and susceptibility to stem borer and rust disease. Progeny test was designed using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four blocks as replications. Each block consists of 100 families which was grouped into two categories, 50 families for resistant group and 50 families for susceptible group. Observations were made at the age of 0 and 9 months after planting on 9 individuals per plot in each family. Growth characteristics were measured as germination (%), height (m), and diameter (cm). Results indicated that the sengon growth rate from resistant and susceptible plant groups showed a significant difference. Heritability values are classified as moderate, ranging between 0.107 to 0.133 and 0.102 to 0.150 for height and diameter variables, respectively. These information may be used for gradual selection by considering the appropriate intensity.
Damping-off generally occurs in seedlings that have just germinated. This disease can cause severe damage, decay, and seedling death. The research was aimed to compute disease incidence and severity of damping-off and to identify the causal of damping-off disease in Paraserianthes falcataria. The survey was examined by using scoring with a 10% sampling intensity. The identification of morphological characteristics was examined macroscopically and microscopically. The result showed that the disease incidence most frequently occurred on 5-month-old seedlings in an open area of 75,00%, and the lowest was on 3-month-old seedlings in an open area of 13,40%. The immense severity of the damping-off attack occurred on 3-month-old seedlings in the greenhouse area of 37,78%, and the lowest occurred on 3-month-old seedlings in an open area of 2,84%. The causal of damping-off disease on P. falcataria in Permanent Nursery of IPB University was Rhizoctonia sp. Pathogenicity test toward P. falcataria seed showed 100% of disease infection. Rhizoctonia sp. caused seed decay hence inhibited seed germination.Keywords: damping-off, Rhizoctonia sp., sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria)
Xystrocera festiva Thoms. (famili Cerambycidae, ordo Coleoptera) classified as the most harmful pest in Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) plantations in Indonesia. The larvae of the pest eat the inner bark and sapwood of the sengon tree since the tree are 3 years old. However, the chemical component(s) of the inner bark and sapwood digested were still unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify chemical components of the tree eaten by the larvae of sengon X. festiva. The materials used for the analysis were the excrement on the bark surface and inside the bark, uneaten sapwood (outher bark), uneaten bark and healthy bark. The result saw that the larvae eat cellulose, hemicellulose, protein and starch contained in the inner bark and sapwood. However in the feces from larval still found hemicellulose, cellulose and protein. This means that all materials could not be digested by the larvae of X. festiva. From the chemical analysis of wood indicated that important larval food of X. festiva was hemicellulose and cellulose.
Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) plantation always suffers from a serious attack of stem borer, which is called Boktor (Xystrocera festiva Pascoe). This research aimed to investigate the presence of anti-pest substances, i.e. trypsin inhibitor on each part of a sengon tree, which might serve as a defense mechanism against the pest. Healthy and severely attacked sengon trees from Cianjur, Solomon, and Kediri provenances were sampled for their leaves, barks, and woods. Trypsin inhibitor activity from each sample was assayed using synthetic enzyme and substrate in a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed under Complete Randomized Design, using SPSS 11.5. Different provenances, tree condition, and part of tree gave significant effects on trypsin inhibitor activity. Healthy trees had a higher Trypsin Inhibitor Activity (TIA) value compared to the pest-infected tree. The sengon tree tissue that had the highest TIA is the bark from healthy trees of Solomon provenance, with a value of 730.0403 TIU/mg. Obviously the bark is the first defense against the stem borer pest.
The plant always associates with microbes for its life, includes the endophytes. Aim of this study is to examine the effect of endophytic fungi on Kopsia (Kopsia arborea) seed germination and seedling growth. Here, we used endophytic fungus from forest pathology laboratory, namely Phomopsis sp1, Phomopsis sp2, and Helminthosporium sp. All endophytic fungi were combined with liquid fertilizer to assess Kopsia seedling growth. The results showed that the Kopsia seed germinations, which treated with endophytic fungi have a higher value than the control. The endophytic fungi Phomopsis sp1 and Helminthosporium sp could increase the number of leaves without adding liquid fertilizer, while the Phomopsis sp2 needed liquid fertilizer for it. The NPA and the IMB values of the Kopsia seedlings are 0.71-1.71, and 0.18-0.33 strongly indicates the readiness of Kopsia seedlings to plant in the field, respectively.
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