Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) has hindered the utilization of coal resources and the development of the global economy for centuries. At present, many materials are used for preventing and extinguishing CSC fires, and different types of materials have various sites of action. In this paper, research on CSC fire prevention and extinguishing materials is reviewed and proposed. The preparation schemes and effects of physical barrier materials, chemical inhibitors, composite materials, and other fields of fire prevention materials were discussed. The improved compounding schemes of CSC inhibiting materials were analyzed regarding the characteristics of base materials and material properties. It was found that in the field of fire prevention materials, plant extracts, hydrolyzed proteins, biomass, and other green recycling materials have gradually become the new trend in materials. The composite material has a synergistic physical barrier and chemical inhibition and has a good inhibitory effect on coal heat storage and group activation, which has become an inhibitory material that is highly concerning. CSC inhibiting technology involving microbial control has emerged and exhibits notable characteristics, including a green cycle and long action time, but its application still needs to control the coexistence of heterogeneous microorganisms and improve the environmental livability. High‐quality firefighting materials, which are used in preventing battery fires, fighting building fires, inert coatings of cotton fabric, and other fields, have potential applicational value for CSC prevention. This review aims to provide new ideas for the research of CSC fireproof materials.
Coalfield
fires during coal mining have become a major problem
in the world today. To effectively prevent such disasters, we established
an experimental platform to measure the spontaneous combustion characteristics
of large-scale pressurized coal; thermal analysis experiments and
microscopic analysis of briquettes under different axial pressures
were carried out. It can be seen from the results that when the axial
pressure is 4 MPa, the heating rate of the oxidative combustion of
coal samples is accelerated, the crossing point temperature is lower
(reduced by 71.09 °C), the activation energy is reduced (the
second stage is decreased by 21.3 kJ/mol), and the oxidative combustion
is more intense. Simultaneously, the porosity evolution process of
briquettes under different axial pressures is simulated. Through calculation,
it can be seen that the porosity and thermal conductivity show a linear
increasing trend. The basis for the increase in the internal oxygen
supply channels and increase in oxygen consumption when the axial
pressure is 4 MPa is given. Through thermogravimetric–differential
scanning calorimetry analysis, it is found that the maximum mass loss
rate and maximum mass growth rate of residual coal after combustion
under an axial pressure of 4 MPa are low, the residual rate after
combustion is large, and the flammability rate is low when reoxidized,
while complete combustion oxidation releases more heat. The application
of axial pressure will change the combustion characteristics of briquettes,
and the promotion effect is more obvious at 4 MPa. Analyzing the laws
of the coal–oxygen composite reaction under different axial
pressures provides theoretical guidance for the prevention and control
of multistress coupling fields in coalfield-fire areas.
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