Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a common and aggressive malignancy with a high morbidity and mortality profile. Increased levels of expression of the tumor hypoxia markers, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), are indicators of poor prognosis in carcinoma.Materials and methods: This study involved detection of HIF-1α and GLUT-1 expression with a mean follow-up period of 10 years in 69 cases of HNSCC (23 cases of hypopharyngeal carcinoma and 46 of laryngeal carcinoma) and 30 controls (15 cases of vocal cord polyps and 15 of leukoplakia). The χ2 test, Fisher’s exact probability method, Pearson’s test, Kaplan–Meier method, Cox proportional hazards regression model of SPSS version 22.0 was used. In all analyses, P < 0.05 was taken to indicate statistical significance.Results: Compared with inflammatory and precancerous lesion tissues, the levels of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α expression were significantly increased in HNSCC (P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between HIF-1α and GLUT-1 (r = 0.338, P = 0.004). GLUT-1 expression was significantly associated with primary tumor site (P = 0.032), clinical stage (P = 0.036), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.032), and distant metastasis (P = 0.002). HIF-1α expression was significantly related to recurrence (P = 0.013), distant metastasis (P = 0.044), second primary cancer (P = 0.040), and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.029). The OS of the 69 patients with HNSCC was significantly associated with the primary tumor site (P = 0.024), clinical stage (P = 0.041), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.039). Conclusion: The increased levels of GLUT-1 and HIF-1α expression may serve as molecular markers for diagnosis of HNSCC. High GLUT-1 and HIF-1α expression, especially HIF-1α expression, may be indicators of HNSCC aggressiveness and poor prognosis.
ObjectivesThe etiology of Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor(IMT) is contentious. In this study, we used computed tomography (CT) to examine tonsillar IMT and further analyzed the etiology of this entity.MethodologyWe presented CT features of left tonsillar IMT and reviewed the English-language literature published between 1984 and 2011.ResultsTo our knowledge, there are only six published cases of tonsillar IMT including the present case. Two patients were asymptomatic at initial presentation. Two patients were taking immunosuppressants, and one was pregnant and in an immunomodulated state. CT of our patient revealed a 2.6 × 1.8 cm irregular soft tissue mass between the left tonsil and the base of the tongue. It did not invade surrounding structures and was not enhanced on contrast-enhanced imaging.ConclusionsTonsillar IMT may be a benign tumor. We suggest that preoperative recognition of tonsillar IMT by CT may be important to avoid unnecessary expanded surgery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.