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The prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia associated with verapamil use in this study of male out-patients was 8.5% (95% CI 5.9-11.1%). The persistence of hyperprolactinaemia when verapamil was continued (Group 1) and the return to normal PRL levels when verapamil was discontinued (Group 2) confirm verapamil's causal role in the development of hyperprolactinaemia. While low testosterone levels were common in both groups, testosterone levels were lower in patients on verapamil. Our data suggest that screening for hyperprolactinaemia should be considered in male patients taking verapamil.

Twenty Sprague Dawley rats were administered various doses of 1.5% amino acetic acid (glycine), lactated Ringer's, and water, both intravenously and retroperitoneally, in an attempt to recreate the post-transurethral resection syndrome in a rat model. The kidneys, liver, and pancreas were harvested 6 hours after exposure and examined pathologically. Water and lactated Ringer's had no histologic effect on these organs. Glycine was found to have a toxic effect on the kidneys and liver and this effect was dose related. Based on these results, it is postulated that glycine toxicity may play a significant role as a causative factor in producing the post-transurethral resection syndrome.

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The National Biobank of Korea (NBK) is a government supported project that aims at consolidating various human-originated biomedical resources collected by individual hospitals nation-wide and integrating them with their donors' clinical information which researchers can take advantage of. In this paper, we present our experiences in developing the Clinical Information Integration System (CIIS) for NBK. The system automatically extracts clinical data from hospital information systems as much as possible to avoid errors from manual entry by human errors. It maintains the independence of individual hospitals by employing a two-layer approach, one of which takes care of all hospital-specific aspects. Interoperability is achieved by adopting HL7 v2.x messaging between the biobank and hospitals. We report the current status of the biobank and system deployments. We finally identify limitations and discuss how to improve them.

This survey on the health record background information has yielded the above mentioned results. This information contributes to the planning and evaluation of medical information systems in the Asia-Pacific region.

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In this paper, a new data centric storage that is dynamically adapted to the work load changes is proposed. The proposed data centric storage distributes the load of hot spot areas to neighboring sensor nodes by using a multilevel grid technique. The proposed method is also able to use existing routing protocols such as GPSR (Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing) with small changes. Through simulation, the proposed method enhances the lifetime of sensor networks over one of the state-of-the-art data centric storages. We implement the proposed method based on an operating system for sensor networks, and evaluate the performance through running based on a simulation tool.