Excess nitrate accumulation in slow-flowing water bodies can cause algal blooms and eutrophication. Thus, developing a convenient, sensitive, reliable, and fast nitrate sensor that requires no additional reagents under a wide pH range is welcome. In this study, a Cu-deposited Ti electrode was prepared using electrochemical deposition method. Its electrochemical performance for nitrate measurement was evaluated. The results show that the electrode has good anti-interference ability for nitrate monitoring and it is a reliable and stable nitrate sensor under wide pH range (pH 4.0 to 12.0).
Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays an important role in biological wastewater treatment. The DO concentration in a biofilm interior, which is controlled by its effective diffusion coefficient, determines the biochemical reaction rate. In the current study, a measurement system for the in situ determination of DO levels in a biofilm was developed. A piece of biofilm from a sequencing batch biofilm reactor was used as the experimental example. The DO distribution in the biofilm was measured and the effective diffusion coefficients in water film and in biofilm were calculated as 6.9 Â 10 À5 m 2 d À1 and 1.7 Â 10 À5 m 2 d À1 . No anaerobic area in the biofilm was found.
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