In summary, results suggest hsa_circ_0007385 plays a role in NSCLC tumorigenesis, providing a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic airway inflammation and its exacerbation is often accompanied by Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) infection. Increasing evidences demonstrated the potent antioxidant and -inflammatory effects of crocin. However, the role of crocin in A. fumigatus-induced inflammation is still unknown. We aimed to evaluate the role of crocin in inflammation response induced by A. fumigatus in human bronchial epithelial cells and the possible mechanisms. BEAS-2B and NHBE cells were pretreated with crocin for 24 h, and then A. fumigatus conidia were added for 24 h. A. fumigatus treatment exhibited a significant higher TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-1β level (P < 0.05), whereas crocin pretreatment significantly inhibited A. fumigatus induced the pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). NF-κB inhibitor PDTC inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines release triggered by A. fumigatus (P < 0.05). Furthermore, crocin suppressed A. fumigatus induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, the phosphorylation of IKKα and IκBα, the degradation of IκBα and NF-κB reporter activity. Crocin pretreatment also resulted in an inhibition of A.fumigatus-induced ROS production (P < 0.05). Taken together, these results indicate that crocin may prevent A. fumigatus-induced inflammation through suppressing NF-κB signal pathway.
COPD, or Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is an inflammation-related disease and lead to cachexia and muscle wasting. Altered nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression is found in patients of COPD because it is involved in pulmonary protective effects. MiR-29b could be activated by Nrf2. We hypothesized that miR-29b might mediate the regulation of Nrf2 on Th1/Th2 differentiation and airway epithelial remodeling in COPD rats. SD rats were exposed to smoke for COPD induction. Expression of Nrf2 mRNA and miR-29b in lung tissues was quantified. Expression of Nrf2 and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) were also detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot. Th1 markers and Th2 markers were measured by ELISA in peripheral blood. Flow cytometry was used to detect the Th1/Th2 ratio. miR-29b and Nrf2 was manipulated at mRNA level in A549 cells using transfection. Cellular growth and migration were measured in transfectants. In lung tissues of COPD rats, expression of Nrf2 and miR-29b decreased. MMP2, a target of miR-29b, had an opposite expression to miR-29b in peripheral blood. Levels of inflammatory factors and Th1/Th2 ratio increased. MiR-29b mediated the regulation of Nrf2 on remodeling of lung epithelial cells. Blocking Nrf2 expression in A549 cells led to the opposite expression of miR-29b and further decreased MMP2 production; meanwhile, cell growth and motility were improved. Different miR-29b levels affected MMP2 expression and cellular characteristics. The findings suggested that miR-29b was a regulator the pathological progress of COPD. It mediates the effect of Nrf2 on Th1/Th2 differentiation and on remodeling process of airway epithelial cells.
Among immunologically normal hosts, patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered to be at high risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), and early diagnosis and treatment are the key to improving the prognosis of patients. Here we aimed to evaluate whether interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 might be used in the detection and diagnosis of IPA in patients with COPD. We prospectively collected 106 patients with COPD and divided them into non-IPA (n=74), probable/possible IPA (n=26) and proven IPA (n=6). Platelia Aspergillus kit was used to detect galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and serum and ELISA kit was used to detect IL-6 and IL-8 levels. Diagnostic efficiency of IL-6, IL-8 and galactomannan in serum and BALF was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve. Compared with the non-IPA group, the proven/probable IPA group showed significantly elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in both serum and BALF, which were positively correlated with galactomannan levels. The sensitivity and specificity of IL-6 for diagnosing IPA were 74.32% and 81.25% (cut-off at 92.82 pg/mL, area under the curve (AUC)=0.8366) in serum and 68.92% and 71.88% (cut-off at 229.4 pg/mL, AUC=0.7694) in BALF. The sensitivity and specificity of IL-8 for diagnosing IPA were 83.78% and 81.25% (cut-off at 93.46 pg/mL, AUC=0.8756) in serum and 85.14% and 75.00% (cut-off at 325.4 pg/mL, AUC=0.8252) in BALF. The elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in patients with IPA with COPD could be used as auxiliary indicators to diagnose IPA in addition to galactomannan.
Influenza viruses exacerbate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with considerable morbidity and mortality. Zanamivir and oseltamivir are effective in treating influenza. However, their efficacy in relieving influenza symptoms in COPD patients remains unknown, with the lack of controlled trials in this subject. Therefore, we conducted this randomized controlled trial to investigate the clinical efficacy of both interventions in this population. Patients were allocated to two groups (80 patients each): oseltamivir (OSELTA) and zanamivir (ZANA) groups. Oseltamivir (75 mg) was orally administered twice daily for 5 days, while zanamivir (10 mg) was inhaled twice daily for 5 days. Clinical parameters including body temperature, influenza symptoms (i.e., sore throat, cough, etc.), and serial blood tests were recorded on days 1, 3, and 7. We analyzed primary (changes in body temperature) and secondary outcomes (changes in non-specific symptoms) using the pre-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. Differences between groups were assessed using t-test. Oseltamivir and zanamivir significantly reduced body temperature on the 3rd day after treatment; however, the number of patients who reported clinical improvement in influenza-like symptoms was significantly higher in the OSELTA group compared to the ZANA group on days 3 (85 vs 68.8%, P=0.015) and 7 (97.5 vs 83.8%, P=0.003). However, no significant changes in hematological (white blood cells and its subtypes) and inflammatory (C-reactive protein) parameters were noted (P40.05). Our results suggested that oseltamivir and zanamivir are effective in reducing body temperature, while oseltamivir led to better clinical improvement regarding influenza-like symptoms in patients with COPD.
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