The constituent subunits of seed storage protein 11S globulin have two disulfide bonds that are common among 11S globulins from legume and nonlegume seeds. In the case of the A1aB1b subunit of soybean 11S globulin, glycinin, Cys12-Cys45 and Cys88-Cys298 are observed by X-ray crystallography. The significance of these two disulfide bonds for structural stability was investigated by mutagenesis of Cys12 to Gly and of Cys88 to Ser. The disulfide bond-deficient mutants C12G and C88S could form the correct conformations identical to that of the wild-type proglycinin except in the vicinities of the mutation sites C12 and C88 as shown by their crystal structures. Thermal stability monitored by differential scanning calorimetry of the mutants indicated that the contribution of these disulfide bonds to the thermal stability of proglycinin A1aB1b is low, although there is a small difference in the extent of the contribution between the two disulfide bonds (Cys12-Cys45 > Cys88-Cys298). The contribution of Cys88-Cys298 to the resistance of proglycinin A1aB1b to proteinase digestion is higher than that of Cys12-Cys45. Possible effects of structure on the different properties of C12G and C88S are discussed.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of instruction by physical therapists on the lower extremity joint moment during sit-to-stand movement with handrails. Using a three-dimensional motion capture system, hip, knee and ankle joint moments were calculated by inverse dynamics. Eight young healthy males participated in this study. They were required to stand up using the handrail without instruction, with instruction of pushing the handrail and pulling the handrail. The results show that knee joint extensor moment decreased in trials with pushing the handrail, and knee joint extensor moment and ankle joint plantar flexor moment increased in trials with pulling the handrail. Activity of the upper extremity compensated the vertical reaction forces applied to the lower extremity joints. These results suggest that an instruction to push the handrail by physical therapists is beneficial for diminishing the lower extremity load.
Simple Preparation of Fused Pyrrolo(2,3-b)pyrrolidinones and Pyrrolo(2, 3-c)pyridazinones.-A simple and unique preparation of the title compounds such as (VI), ( VIII), (XI), (XIV), and (XVI) is presented. -(OKAMOTO, Y.; KANEDA, Y.; YAMASAKI, T.; OKAWARA, T.; FURUKAWA, M.; J.
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