Objective: To investigate the personal features associated with dropout from regular outpatient care among persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods: A total of 160 DM patients were enrolled in the study. As a retrospective analysis, outpatient's clinical characteristics, lifestyle, or social features were gathered from their medical records or interview sheets. All the subjects were divided into two groups by adherence to diabetic care, namely, 'dropout case' (DC) or 'ongoing case' (OC), and were subjected to comparative analysis. We called the patients who did not receive outpatient treatment from the clinic on a regular basis, including treatment from other clinics or dropout of diabetic care, as DC. In contrast, patients who regularly visited the clinic were defined as OC. An unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association of adherence to diabetic care with several personal features.Results: Sixty-eight of 160 subjects (42.5%) were recognized as DC. The remaining 92 subjects (57.5%) were considered as OC. Young age (p=0.045), low plasma glucose (p=0.005) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (p=0.005), nonmedication (p<0.001) and no past history of DM (p=0.007) at the initial visit were the features related to dropout by crude analysis. Even after adjustment for age and gender by multivariate analysis, there remained significant inverse associations of dropout with HbA1c level, medical treatment (oral agents or insulin) and previous DM history. Neither occupation, distance from residence to clinic, smoking habit nor drinking habit was associated with dropout. Dropout mostly occurred after the initial or second visit.Conclusions: A mild condition of DM may be related to dropout from regular outpatient care. It may be necessary to clearly show the objectives and importance of regular visit to an outpatient clinic for diabetic care, particularly for screened mild DM cases in public health activities.
NADH dehydrogenase subunit-2 237 leucine/methionine (ND2-237 Leu/Met) polymorphism is reportedly associated with longevity in the Japanese population. The ND2-237Met genotype may confer resistance to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular atherogenic diseases. Hyperuricemia is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. To investigate whether ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism is associated with serum uric acid (SUA) levels, we conducted a cross-sectional study in 321 healthy Japanese male subjects. In nonobese (body mass index, BMI < 25) male subjects, interaction between ND2-237 Leu/Met genotypes and drinking frequency on SUA levels was observed (P=0.031). The SUA levels were significantly higher in daily drinkers with ND2-237Leu than in non-daily drinkers with ND2-237Leu (P=0.018). In nonobese men, after adjustment for covariates, daily drinkers with ND2-237Leu had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) for hyperuricemia (SUA ‡6.5 mg/dl: vs. daily drinkers with ND2-237Met, OR=3.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-9.29; vs. non-daily drinkers with ND2-237Leu, OR=3.22, 95% CI 1.39-7.45; SUA ‡7.0 mg/dl: vs. non-daily drinkers with ND2-237Met, OR=3.53, 95% CI 1.00-12.4). However, in obese (BMI ‡25) men, no significant interaction between ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism and habitual drinking on SUA levels or on the risk for hyperuricemia was observed. These results suggest that ND2-237 Leu/Met polymorphism modulates the effects of daily alcohol consumption on SUA levels in nonobese Japanese men.
Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of serum total homocysteine level (tHcy) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) according to sex. Methods A total of 1,276 Japanese, diabetics (n = 280) with a control group of non-diabetics (n = 996), were enrolled into the study from 2003 to 2005. This crosssectional study was conducted for all the subjects, using personal data regarding clinical characteristics and lifestyle. Multiple regression analysis was performed to analyze the association of tHcy with selected factors. Results In diabetic subjects, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine levels (Cre), even those within the normal range, were strongly associated with tHcy after adjustment in both sexes; the standardized partial regression coefficient of eGFR for tHcy was -0.251, (p = 0.001) in diabetic men and -0.523, (p \ 0.001) in diabetic women. Furthermore, the eGFR of the diabetics, except patients with nephropathy, also had significant association with tHcy in both sexes. Fasting plasma glucose levels and serum triglyceride levels were strongly associated with tHcy in diabetic men only. HbA1c was also associated with tHcy in diabetic men only, though not as significantly. Age and presence of hypertension were significantly associated with tHcy in women. Conclusions This study suggests that there are some differences in the factors associated with tHcy between diabetics and non-diabetics, and between the sexes. There is, therefore, circumstantial evidence that elevated tHcy should be evaluated clinically. Because tHcy was strongly associated with eGFR and Cre, even within the normal ranges, tHcy may have important implications regarding the microangiopathy of the kidney and atherosclerosis.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.