The recently reported efficient charge-separated system based on bipyridine-diacetylide platinum(ii) complexes was applied to photoelectric conversion systems herein, based on the design and synthesis of two triads: MTA-Pt-NDISAc (3, MTA: dimethoxytriphenylamine, Pt: platinum(ii) complex, NDISAc: thioacetate derivative linked to naphthalenediimide) and MTA-Pt-MNICOOH (4, MNICOOH: naphthaleneimide-4-carboxylic acid). The charge-separated (CS) states of triads 3 and 5 (MOM-protected 4) were effectively generated by photo-induced electron transfer in both THF and toluene, although the rate of formation of the CS state from 5 was relatively slow in toluene. The lifetimes of these CS states were determined to be 730 ns in toluene and 61 ns (70%) and 170 ns (30%) as a double exponential decay in THF for 3, and 600 ns in toluene and 170 ns in THF for 5. The acetylthio group of triad 3 was exploited in the preparation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on a gold surface. Photocurrent was detected upon irradiation of an electrochemical cell comprising Au/3/Na ascorbate/Pt, which was ascribed to the platinum(ii) complex based on the action spectrum. The carboxylic acid group of triad 4 facilitated adsorption on the TiO2 surface, and a dye-sensitized solar cell constructed based on FTO/TiO2/4/electrolyte (LiI-I2)/Pt exhibited a poor energy conversion efficiency (η = 0.20%) based on the incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency spectrum and the I-V curve. This poor efficiency may be derived from the bent molecular shape of 4, or may be due to a possible high energy barrier in the electron injection process through the adsorption site.
BackgroundSpecific IgE antibodies against the low-molecular-weight carbohydrate antigen that does not bridge IgE molecules on mast cells are not associated with clinical symptoms. Cross reactivity can be determined in allergen-specific IgE detection assays when the carbohydrate structures between pollen allergens and plant derived food allergens are similar; in such cases, false positive results for grain or legume allergens can be reported for pollen allergic patients who are not sensitized to those allergens. This phenomenon arises owing to the presence of cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs).ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the impact of CCD interference on the results for pollen allergen-specific IgE antibodies in the general adult population and to perform CCD inhibition tests evaluating the involvement of CCD on samples positive to pollen allergens.MethodsSerum samples from 322 subjects were tested for IgE antibodies to pollens and CCD. The research subjects were given questionnaires about pollen allergic symptoms to help assess the presence of allergies. Allergen IgE antibodies for Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress, orchard grass, ragweed, MUXF, bromelain, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), and ascorbate oxidase (ASOD) were analyzed.ResultsIt was observed that among individuals who tested positive to any of the pollen allergens, the positive ratio of CCD-specific IgE antibody was the highest for HRP (13.5%–50.0%). The results from the inhibition tests revealed that CCD was marginally present. Although IgE antibodies for cedar pollen did not react with CCD, IgE antibodies for Japanese cypress, orchard grass, and ragweed might be detected by the presence of CCD.ConclusionThe results of the inhibition tests revealed the obvious presence of CCD suggesting its involvement. Considering these findings, careful evaluation of patient IgE results should be performed for Japanese cypress, orchard grass, and ragweed.
BackgroundLow-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (LGNPPA) is distinctly rare. We report a patient with a uniquely biphasic LGNPPA; additionally, we review similar tumors reported in the literature.Case presentationA 56-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic pedunculated tumor in the vault of the nasopharynx, at the junction of the nasal septum and the roof, which was discovered during screening for laryngeal cancer. To obtain a definitive diagnosis, the patient underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery under general anesthesia. Immunohistochemical analysis of the tumor revealed it to be an LGNPPA with a prominent spindle cell component.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the fourth reported LGNPPA exhibiting a spindle cell component and the second with a prominent pathological condition. The prognosis of LGNPPA is usually excellent. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to scrutinize the lesion’s pathology to avoid unnecessary, disfiguring surgery.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.