CD99 expression was observed frequently and exclusively in PETs, and loss of CD99 expression in PETs was found to be associated with ominous prognostic indicators.
Recent evaluation of human prostate tissues has shown predominantly high expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor in prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia or prostate cancer. However, the expression of its ligand, the macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), and the biological role of this signaling in prostate cancer has not been analyzed. In this research we determined the relationship of serum M-CSF level to clinical parameters of prostate cancer progression. We measured the serum level of M-CSF in 170 patients with histologically confirmed prostatic adenocarcinoma and in 54 patients in whom prostate cancer was not detected. We also investigated the M-CSF expression in prostate cancer tissues by immunohistochemistry. The serum levels of M-CSF in bone metastatic prostate cancer patients was significantly higher than those in non-metastatic patients, while M-CSF did not differ with regards to histological grade, Gleason score or local tumor progression. M-CSF expression was detected in prostate cancer cells themselves by immunohistochemistry. These results suggest that M-CSF may have a functional role in prostate cancer progression.
Purpose:To determine whether serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) can be used to predict the aggressiveness of prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy.Methods:Ninety-six patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for biopsy proved cT1c-T2N0M0 prostate cancer between 2003 and 2008 were identified for retrospective analysis. Using univariate regression analysis, potential variables of extraprostatic tumor extension were identified, including prostate-specific antigen (PSA), luteinizing hormone, FSH, testosterone, biopsy findings, and age. These variables of interest were analyzed by logistic and linear regression analysis to determine if serum FSH is predictive of extraprostatic extension.Results:Extraprostatic extension was pathologically confirmed in 18 of 96 patients (18.8%). Statistical analysis confirmed that serum FSH was significantly associated with extraprostatic extension (P=0.04). However, age, PSA level, Gleason score, number of tumors, and serum testosterone level were not found to be independent predictors of extraprostatic extension.Conclusions:Selective expression of FSH receptor on the surface of blood vessels of prostate cancers has recently been reported. Measuring serum FSH preoperatively in patients with prostate cancer may provide clinically relevant information about extraprostatic spread of tumor.
Antigen-capturing by immature DCs seems to take place initially in the epidermis, followed by maturation of DCs. These mature DCs may present the processed antigen to T-lymphocytes that cause dermal granulomas either in the interstitium of the upper dermis, or in or around lymphatic vessels of the lower dermis. Environmental antigen could be verified by skin test.
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