The designed is a cement-silicate coating based on liquid sodium glass and Portland cement, modified with a complex ultra-and nanodispersed additive that includes titanium dioxide, expanded perlite sand and a dispersion of multilayered carbon nanotubes. The advantage of the designed coating is the use of Portland cement as a silicizer instead of conventionally used zinc oxide. The presented cement-silicate coating is water resistant, steam and gas proof, has good adhesion to the base and an increased durability, providing 4-5 times longer service life than those of the existing analogs. The presence of multilayered carbon nanotubes in the coating leads to the absorption of technogenic electromagnetic emission, and ultradisperse titanium dioxide promotes self-cleaning of the coating surface due to the photocatalysis effect. Expanded pearlite sand makes the coating surface textured when applying it to the base. The cement-silicate coating is used for facades decorative finishing of buildings made of ceramic bricks, cement concrete and plastered surfaces.
The properties of a structural and thermal insulation composition based on a high-strength anhydrite binder based on fluoroanhydrite and expanded perlite sand have been studied. Fluoroanhydrite is a waste product of hydrofluoric acid and it is an eco-friendly material. Due to the processing of man-made anhydrite, it is possible to reduce the harm caused to nature in places of raw materials dumps, as well as significantly reduce the cost of producing new construction materials. The use of anhydrite compounds in the manufacture of products is limited with low speed setting and hardening. To activate the structure formation of the anhydrite binder, 3% aqueous solution of sodium phosphate Na3PO4 was used. Expanded perlite sand was used as an ultralight aggregate. As a result of the experiments, it was possible to obtain a lightweight composition possessing high strength. Studies of the microstructure and X-ray microanalysis showed new formations appearing in the interfacial zone at the border of the anhydrite binder and expanded perlite, which is confirmed by the results of the infrared spectroscopy. Also there has been noted the consolidation of the anhydrite binder structure by nanodispersed structures formed in the intercrystallite pores of the anhydrite binder. The developed composition can serve as a cheap substitute for gypsum in the production of warm plaster, gypsum boards, architectural elements by molding, tongue-and-groove slabs, wall blocks, as well as wall thermal insulation during frame construction, including for filling hollow masonry.
During the production of ceramic wall materials based on acidic and semi-acidic loams, products with low physical and technical parameters are obtained. To improve the characteristics of structural ceramics, it is suggested to modify the raw material with ultra- and nano-dispersed additives based on technogenic isostatic graphite instead of the traditionally used synthesized carbon nanosystems. The paper investigates the effect of aqueous dispersions of technogenic nanographite functionalized with surfactant additive C-3 on the properties and structure of ceramics. Infrared spectral and differential thermal analysis and computed tomography have confirmed structural modification of ceramics, occurring, when isostatic graphite being added, along with the formation of a denser and more uniform structure of the ceramic shard, which, in turn, increases the strength properties. It is noted that adding ultrafine graphite of to 0.005 % of the mass of clay gives an increase in compressive strength up to 50 %, which will increase the grade of manufactured products. The advantages of using technogenic graphite in comparison with carbon nanotubes are its low cost and preservation of properties at firing temperatures of structural ceramics.
Abstract.A facade decorative coating has been developed that is based on sodium silicate and Portland cement and modified with a complex ultra-and nanodispersed admixture including titanium dioxide, expanded perlite sand, and multi-walled carbon nanotubes dispersion. The advantage of the produced coating is using Portland cement as a silicizer instead of the conventionally used zinc oxide. Adding ultra-and nanodispersed admixtures to the cement-silicate composition leads to the structural modification of the matrix of the binder composition along with the formation of a more durable coating (up to 4-5 times compared with the existing analogues) and the possibility of absorbing man-made electromagnetic radiation up to 38%. Expanded pearlite sand in the silicate coating provides a relief surface when applied on the base. The cement-silicate composition for coating facades is shown to have the following physical and technical characteristics: the viscosity measured with Viscometer-6 is 29 sec; the hydrogen index of the medium pH=12.33; the film resistance to static effect of water is 8 hr; the paint consumption for a two-layer coating is 200-400 g/m 2 ; the adhesion (the cross-cut test) is 1 point; the conventional light-fastness is 4-5 points; the frost-resistance of the silicate coating is 75 cycles. The developed facade cement-silicate coating can be applied on the surface of silicate-containing materials. The cost effectiveness of using the multifunctional protectivedecorative coating has been proved in comparison with similar compositions.
Physical and mechanical properties of the heat-insulating composition based on high-strength anhydrite binder with expanded perlite sand as a lightweight aggregate have been studied. The study has evaluated the influence of two poring components, air-entraining additives and aluminum powder suspension, on the main characteristics of the composition: the compressive strength of the sample, its average density, thermal conductivity, and water absorption. The studies have shown that adding an air-entraining agent in an amount of 1.2% by the weight of dry fluoroanhydrite significantly influenced the decrease in the average density (up to 37%) of the material. The developed composition with a lightweight aggregate based on expanded perlite sand and an air-entraining additive can be used in construction as an efficient heat-insulating material, including for filling cavity walls during frame construction.
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