Generally, the foam concrete that designs as the current building wall is without considering the heat absorbent. Therefore, it is necessary to find additional materials that able to absorb the heat energy. One of them is Phase Change Material (PCM). Beef tallow is an organic material of PCM that has a high heat storage capability. Commonly, an aggregate requires in the manufacture of foam concrete as reinforcement materials. This aggregate can be changed with macro-encapsulation of PCM. This study aimed to find the ability of foam concrete based macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum in absorb heat energy that will be applied in building walls. This research was conducted experimentally with the primary materials of cement, fine sand, water, foam agent, catalyst, sika, and macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum. This foam concrete wall was made with the dimension of 80 x 80 x 10 cm and varied with a mixture of beef tallow / damar gum of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The wall concrete heater was simulated with using four lamps with the power of 200 watts. The type-K thermocouple was placed on samples at 2 points, inside and on the surface which connected with Agilent 34970A. The results showed that the effect of adding PCM resulted in a decreasing of the temperature inside and on the surface of foam concrete walls. The amount of temperature decrease due to the addition of 5% PCM is from 51.9 °C to 44.7 °Cor decreased by 13.87% inside of foam concrete walls and 75.64 °C to 51.9 °C or down to 21.87% on the surface of foam concrete walls. Overall, this foam concrete based macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum is better to use as heat-absorbent in building wall application compare with foam concrete wall without using macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum.
Abstract. Construction work, as well as other production process depends on how people work towards it. The success of the work is determined by labor productivity. Labor productivity is affected by many factors such as human factors, environment, labor condition, leadership, type of work, level of difficulty etc. This article will discuss how these aspects influence the value of labor productivity. We limit our research on wage, age and experience from 15 to 30 workers in the brick work. The research is held in 4 construction sites in Kota Langsa, Aceh, Indonesia in late 2016 until early 2017. We observe the effective time, time of contribution, ineffective time work and the work volume. Productivity is obtained by dividing the work volume and the effective time work. The result shows that the amount of wage influences the labor productivity. Nonetheless, we found that age and experience do not affect labor productivity. Interestingly, the experience workers in any ages will increase the value of labor productivity.
Langsa river that crosses the city during high rainfall often experiences flooding around the river's border. This is due to the river which is not being able to accommodate the excess discharge so that the overflow of water has a negative impact on the facilities and infrastructure around the river. In addition, flooding is also affected by the damage of Langsa watersheds which is characterized by a decrease in the ability of storing the water. There are few information available regarding the high potential impact and inundation of floods in detail caused by flood discharge plan, so that this investigation aims to determine the height and inundation of floods for a return period of 5 and 100 years as a basic information in flood disaster mitigation in Langsa City. The scope of the analysis was carried out by several methods, namely the analysis of the maximum rainfall frequency distribution with the normal distribution method, log normal, log-Pearson type III, and Gumbel, periodic analysis of planned flood discharge with the Nakayashu Synthetic Unit Hydrograph method and analysis of water level and flood inundation with the help of HECRAS 5.01 and GIS software to encounter the risk of flood inundation of the stream. The results of this study denote that the flood discharge which occurs in the river due to the maximum daily rainfall (CH) based on the Gumbel distribution results in a flood discharge (Q5) of 361.21 m3/second with a water level of 1.0 meter. Meanwhile, the flood discharge (Q100) produces 564.65 m3/second with a flood water level of 3.0 meters and 33.86 square kilometers area of indunation. Moreover, with the availability of discharge information (Q100), it is predicted that 15 villages are potentially affected by flooding. The proposed analysis has auspicious value in the practical implementation of flood disaster mitigation in Langsa City.
Krueng Langsa estuary is a meeting zone between the sea and the river that crosses the Langsa city. As a result, the Krueng Langsa estuary had a physical change due to tides and river discharge. The Indonesian Minister of Trade Regulation of Number 24 of 2019 has announced that the Krueng Langsa estuary will resume its activities as international shipping. This indeed becomes an important problem for the continuity of shipping activities. An initial study needs to be carried out related to changes in the physical waters of the estuary due to high and low tides. This study is focused on the estuary physical system—especially in water depth, tidal current, salinity, temperature, and SSC along the estuary due to tidal dynamics processes and river discharge runoff—which are modeled numerically. The influence of the Malacca Strait and the Langsa River flow on SSC at each measurement point have also been observed. In this study, the model results were evaluated using the in-situ measurements. The results show that numerical modeling is capable of providing useful information about the physical condition of the Krueng Langsa estuary and agree well with the measurement data.
There is an early flood detection tool that has been successfully designed called the Early Flood Detection (EFDe) a system that uses the Internet of Things system which can be accessed by the users through a browser or an Android smartphone. In general, this tool has an accurate sensor response to the water level reading by the sensor. The time needed for the sensor to send data to the server is 10-15 seconds. The speed of this delivery time is influenced by several factors, including sensor response, server response, and the cellular network used. The EFDe system is equipped with an alarm around the location and has 10-15 second response when the indicator shows FLOOD POTENTIAL and will not stop until the signal changed to SAFE. This EFDe System is equipped with a solar panel and solar control charger and has an independent energy source that comes from the sun and stored in batteries. That is why the EFDe system is able to send information in real-time.
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