The purpose of the research is information terrorism as a threat to the global security system of the 21st century. The problem of combating information terrorism requires the analysis of the structure of terrorism itself as a phenomenon that has come a long way of evolution from lone suicide bombers, to huge terrorist organizations that commit destructive acts and cause the death of a large number of people, also using the dissemination of information to intimidate a significant number of people. The methodological basis of the research is presented as comparative-legal and systematic analysis, formal-legal method, method of interpretation, hermeneutic method, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. It is concluded that, one of the main threats to information security is presented by computer terrorism as a form of destructive influence aimed at manipulating or intimidating the population or causing harm to the society, the state or individuals with the use of information technologies and with the purpose of forcing the authorities, an international organization, a natural or legal person (group of persons) to commit a certain action (or refrain from committing it).
The twentieth century will be remembered as a time of the revolutions that had a consequence a radical transformation of social relations. There was also a so-called "Quiet revolution" or "revolution of women", which led to a significant number of their emancipation. The article deals with the change of gender stereotypes under the influence of revolutionary changes during the year ot 1917, the period of formation the establishment of independence, during the events of the Maidan and the Revolution of Virtue. The research document contains a political analysis of socio-political processes of participation and role of women that took place in Ukraine and in the world. The author emphasizes the features of the displaying problems depending on a particular ideological and political situation, political regime. It became possible with the help of a systematic and integrated approach to consideration of the problem to supplement the general picture of revolutionary events, to reveal the female component of these periods in all of it's diverse manifestations, to make a certain contribution to the field of gender research in political science. The focus is on the struggle for women to equalize rights with men in the economic, political, cultural spheres of life, as well on their participation in general political processes.
The authors of the article have studied the nature, forms, causes, driving forces, specifics of political conflicts of the hybrid type. The content of the concept of "political conflict of the hybrid type", its difference from the concept of hybrid wars and modern armed conflicts are analyzed; it is emphasized that the political conflict of the hybrid type often manifests itself as a combination of military and non-military methods of conducting foreign policy by some modern states. It is detected that opponents in the political conflict of the hybrid type use a spectrum of non-military facilities of influence such as political, economic, social, environmental, and other means. In the case of military confrontation, various types of weapons are added to the features of this type of conflict. The hypothesis about the expediency of interpretation of the term "hybrid-type political conflict" is expressed not only as a general name for the latest form of military-political conflict, but also as the name of a single (unique) historical event. In this new perspective, hybrid warfare appears as the highest type of conflict to be correlated with the Cold War and the well-known wars with their own names. It has been proven that hybrid conflicts, hybrid threats and hybrid wars are considered as important feature of the international security environment in a state of systemic crisis today. At the same time, the military and analytical communities lack unity in understanding the phenomenon of hybrid warfare. The study clarifies and systematizes the leading modern concepts and theories regarding the definition of the features and nature of the phenomenon of "hybrid warfare". The views of the problem of leading Ukrainian and foreign scientists are considered in the course of the work. From the standpoint of the synthesized approach, the features of global and regional military-political conflicts of the hybrid type are established. The mutual influence of such conflicts on world political processes and the world community, geopolitical players of the formation of hybrid threats is rated.
Christian Democracy is one of the youngest political doctrines of our time, a product of the twentieth century. But it influenced the formation of the post-war order of Europe, of the world, and the formation of new political parties and whole party systems, and a new type of political culture. The reaction of Christianity to manifestations of anti-clericalism and socialism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. became Christian democracy. Christian democracy is a fairly broad concept. In its content, it includes the direction of socio-political thought, political movement as well as a network of public organizations and associations. The article discusses the essence of the concept "Christian democracy", its contentfulness in the twentieth century. The key stages of the development of modern political doctrine of Christianity and the main principles are analyzed. The article traces the institutional development of Christian-democratic organizations. Particular attention is devoted to the Christian Democratic parties of the countries of Western Europe, which are the most powerful in the world. Characteristics of the development of Christian Democratic parties in Ukraine are given, and tendencies of their further development are revealed. The question of the ideological and social significance of Christian democracy in the context of the formation of Western political culture is explored. The basic tasks and directions of development of Christian Democratic Movement as Important Parameters of Christian Politics, and the Importance of Political Participation of Christian Parties in the World and in Ukraine are formed. The main principles of Christian democracy are outlined: solidarity, subsidiarity, personalism, responsibility, decentralizationю These principles laid the specific understanding of the concept of "person-society-state". The concept of the doctrine of Christian democracy as the basis for the formation of a pluralistic society and a deligatory state is highlighted.
The Interoperability, continuous data and technology flow are core requirements of a proper smart city. Smart cities take on the characteristics of innovative, competitive and attractive megalopolises, which is strategically important for residents and investors. The aim of the article was to identify the current state and current issues of the Smart City concept implementation in Ukraine in the context of the experience of developed countries. The main methodological tools included the observation, statistical and comparative analysis. The study found that the effective development of digital transformation of territorial units in Ukraine requires focusing on certain factors during the implementation of the Smart City concept. Such factors conditionally include: technology-based infrastructure; environmental comments; constructive level of public transport; progressive city plans; opportunities for citizens to use appropriate resources. It was found reasonable to introduce infrastructural development of smart cities in Ukraine as a foundation of digital transformation of territorial units. Smart Cities were substantiated as an important tool for effective prevention and control of the pandemic without the introduction of restriction policies. A comparative analysis of the practice of Ukraine and developed countries in the implementation of infrastructural development of Smart Cities is a promising area of further research.
The article examines the impact of the coalition approach in US policy on integration processes in Europe in the post-bipolar era. The aim of this article was to identify the peculiarities of the political situation in the world after a period of escalation of the nuclear conflict. It involved an analysis of sources in the field of coalition approach research in the United States, as well as a comparison of its impact on the political situation and European Union law. The author concluded that there is a lack of proper research in the field of the impact of the coalition approach in US policy in the post-bipolar era, and its impact on integration processes in Europe. Comparing the experience of the EU and the US, it was determined that the awareness of nuclear danger affected the development of a coalition approach in US policy. The study resulted in the identified specifics of the EU’s security policy under the influence of the US coalition approach, where the need to ensure stability and armed security is crucial. Prospects for further research include identifying US influence on Eastern countries.
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