In article it is noted that World War I, having extremely aggravated political and social and economic problems of belligerent parties, caused considerable rise of the national liberation movement. In the years of war, Galichina became an object of active international policy, at first as a component of the empire of Gabsburgov, and then as the sovereign state of the Ukrainian people. Also World War I accelerated political changes in Central and Eastern Europe and emergence of the Ukrainian state educations in Galichina. Introduction and developments of basic standard and legal documents in such spheres state and social and political life as formation of state governing bodies, justice, Armed Forces, social, economic, national and cultural and educational sites became the main result of legislative activity of power structures of West Ukrainian People's Republic on nationalities. The mechanism of the state and national policy of West Ukrainian People's Republic on non Ukrainian the population was based on democratic traditions of parliamentarism of the former Austria-Hungary. Such fundamental principles of national policy allowed power structures to direct the state construction to the democratic course, to make it socially oriented.
The Interoperability, continuous data and technology flow are core requirements of a proper smart city. Smart cities take on the characteristics of innovative, competitive and attractive megalopolises, which is strategically important for residents and investors. The aim of the article was to identify the current state and current issues of the Smart City concept implementation in Ukraine in the context of the experience of developed countries. The main methodological tools included the observation, statistical and comparative analysis. The study found that the effective development of digital transformation of territorial units in Ukraine requires focusing on certain factors during the implementation of the Smart City concept. Such factors conditionally include: technology-based infrastructure; environmental comments; constructive level of public transport; progressive city plans; opportunities for citizens to use appropriate resources. It was found reasonable to introduce infrastructural development of smart cities in Ukraine as a foundation of digital transformation of territorial units. Smart Cities were substantiated as an important tool for effective prevention and control of the pandemic without the introduction of restriction policies. A comparative analysis of the practice of Ukraine and developed countries in the implementation of infrastructural development of Smart Cities is a promising area of further research.
The article examines the impact of the coalition approach in US policy on integration processes in Europe in the post-bipolar era. The aim of this article was to identify the peculiarities of the political situation in the world after a period of escalation of the nuclear conflict. It involved an analysis of sources in the field of coalition approach research in the United States, as well as a comparison of its impact on the political situation and European Union law. The author concluded that there is a lack of proper research in the field of the impact of the coalition approach in US policy in the post-bipolar era, and its impact on integration processes in Europe. Comparing the experience of the EU and the US, it was determined that the awareness of nuclear danger affected the development of a coalition approach in US policy. The study resulted in the identified specifics of the EU’s security policy under the influence of the US coalition approach, where the need to ensure stability and armed security is crucial. Prospects for further research include identifying US influence on Eastern countries.
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