The adsorption and covalent immobilization of human immunoglobulin (HIgG) and lysozyme (LYZ) on surface-modified poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) PtBMA films have been evaluated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Surface modification of PtBMA (UV irradiation) afforded surfaces suitable for both the physical and covalent attachment of proteins. The XPS and ellipsometry results showed good correlation in terms of variable-dense/thickness protein layer formation between physisorbed and covalently bound proteins. The amount of physisorbed HIgG ranged from 23.0 +/- 1.6 ng mm(2) on PtBMA, with corresponding film thicknesses 17.0 +/- 1.2 nm. Covalent immobilization mediated through 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (sulfo-NHS) coupling chemistry, afforded 5.6-8 ng mm(2) of HIgG with a corresponding thickness of 5.9 +/- 0.6 nm on PtBMA. The attachment of LYZ to modified PtBMA surface was similarly translated, where adsorption yielded up to 15 ng mm(2), while covalent immobilization afforded typically 7-8 ng mm(2). The thickness of the adsorbed LYZ protein layer was 11.0 +/- 3.2 nm (PtBMA), suggesting the greater portion of protein adsorbs on surface-modified PtBMA.

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Investigation of protein-polymeric surface interaction requires reliable practical techniques for evaluation of the efficiency of protein immobilization. In this study the efficiency of protein immobilization was evaluated using three different techniques: (1) protein-binding assay with fluorescent detection and (2) quantification, and (3) atomic force microscopy. This approach enables us to rapidly analyse the adsorption properties of different proteins. The comparative physical-chemical adsorption of α-chymotrypsin, human serum albumin, human immunoglobulin, lysozyme, and myoglobin in the microchannels fabricated via a localized laser ablation of a protein-blocked thin gold layer (50 nm) deposited on a Poly(methyl methacrylate) film has been studied. Correlations were observed between the quantitative and qualitative differences depending on both protein and polymeric surface hydrophobicity.

The adsorption of five proteins with very different molecular characteristics, i.e. α-chymotrypsin, human serum albumin, human immunoglobulin, lysozyme, and myoglobin, has been characterized using quantitative fluorescence measurements and atomic force microscopy. It has been found that the 'combinatorial' nature of the micro/nano-channels surface allows for the increased adsorption of molecularly different proteins, comparing with the adsorption on flat surfaces. This amplification increases for proteins with lower molecular surface that can capitalize better on the newly created surface and nano-environments. Importantly, the adsorption on micro/nano-fabricated structures appears to be less dependent on the local molecular descriptors, i.e. hydrophobicity and charges, due to the combinatorialization of the nano-areas presented to the proteins. The amplification of adsorption is important, ranging from 3-to 10-fold, with a higher amplification for smaller, globular proteins.

Currently, the general trend of the global fishing industry is to increase the production of fish food products not only due to the development of aquaculture, but also the biological characteristics of the body of sturgeon. The aim of the study was the theoretical justification and practical implementation of the assessment of the growth and development of beluga juveniles and their hybrids with sterlet aged 0+ to 2+ (three-year-olds) in industrial of the Krasnodar Territory. The determined: fish mass, live weight gain, linear growth. By the end of the control cultivation, the weight of fish in the control and experimental groups was 1728.3 and 2236.4 g, respectively. In the experimental group, the absolute increase in live weight of fish was 2198.2 g, while in the control group it was 1692.2 g. The difference in average daily gains was 0.71 g in favour of hybrids. The body length of the fish in the control and experimental groups was 32.7 and 37.3 cm. The positive effect of heterosis had a positive effect on the first- generation crossbreeds obtained from beluga and sterlet.