Aim. The aim of this study is to structure the problem areas of pedagogical adaptation of the content of the concept of sustainable development into the practice of Russian higher education. Methods. Analysis, synthesis and generalization of some relevant works, including foreign ones, in this field were used as research methods, as well as the results of many years of professional pedagogical activity of the authors (pedagogical observation, peer review, pedagogical interpretation). Results. The findings of the research are the identification of the problem areas for overcoming the difficulties of pedagogical adaptation of the principles of education for sustainable development in the practice of the Russian higher school. Conclusions. The findings of the study include the problems of pedagogical adaptation of content and methods of effective education for sustainable development, such as: 1) the inconsistency of the content tendencies of higher education in relation to objective needs of the society and politics that contradict sustainable development as a whole; 2) the problem of insufficient methodological support to develop critical thinking in students in the process of environmental education, as well as the pedagogical problem of the formation of students' reflexive experience; 3) the problem of "locality" and "targeting" of the content and methods of education for sustainable development; 4) the problem of developing inter-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary approaches for the education for sustainable development; 5) the problem of pedagogical adaptation of the axiological foundations of education for sustainable development.
In cities, transport is the leader in the use of the sustainable development – SD concept. The article describes the features of SD of the urban transport in countries with a high level of economic development. In Russia SD of transport is carried out in accordance with national legislation. Urban transport plans should be developed in all regions and municipalities. The analysis shows that the development of transport plans should be preceded by the solution of a number of problems. The main problems are: the inability of administrations of territories and cities to solve new issues of transport planning; lack of methodological developments for designers of transport systems; a fragmentary information base of transport planning; lack of qualified developers of transport plans. The main ways of solving these problems are proposed. Attention is drawn to the need to take into account not only the internal results (they are received by investors and carriers), but also external results obtained by other persons. The formation of civil society institutions is a prerequisite for SD implementation. Training for environmentally and socially oriented professionals should be changed.
The article discusses the main directions of improving the management of municipal solid waste in accordance with the requirements of the concept of sustainable development. The concept of “solid municipal waste “is analyzed in its comparison with the concept of “solid household waste”. The problems associated with the functioning of the sphere of solid municipal waste management are emphasized. The tasks of the development of this industry for Russia in the near future are defined. Environmental control of MSW is difficult, since the main sources of MSW are households and organizations of municipal services of settlements. These sources are numerous, highly dispersed (scattered throughout the territory). Insufficient eco-cultural training and inadequate self-awareness of the population prevent the regulation of MSW flows and the spread of SD in everyday life. Therefore, the solution to the problem of solid waste should use an adequate methodology, including administrative regulation and systematic improvement of the level of ecological culture of the population.
2 Московский автомобильно-дорожный государственный технический университет, Москва, Россия 3 ОАО «Научно-исследовательский институт автомобильного транспорта», Москва, Россия Резюме. Цель -раскрыть необходимость и актуальные направления реализации концепции устойчивого развития применительно к эффективности транспортно-логистической деятельности. Методы исследования. Методология выполнения исследований и разработок включает анализ и адаптацию опыта в областях устойчивого развития городов и их транспорта, воздействия транспорта на окружающую среду, планирования и организации перевозок пассажиров в умных городах (Smart Cities), теорий полезности и эффективности. При анализе состояния исследуемой проблемы использованы современные научные публикации российских и зарубежных ученых. Результаты. Рассмотрено современное понимание концепций устойчивого развития и умных городов, глобализация их применения органами исполнительной власти в развитых странах для повышения качества жизни и совершенствования экономики. Указаны основные проблемы перехода к устойчивому развитию, характерные для России. Приведены различные примеры реализации концепций устойчивого развития и умного города, использования современных информационных технологий и методов оценки транспортно-логистических проектов. Указано на экологические последствия использования концепции устойчивого развития, необходимость трансформации политики землепользования в городах. Рассмотрены подходы к оценке эффективности транспортно-логистических систем и проектов их развития. Рассмотрены направления совершенствования кадрового обеспечения устойчивого развития. Выводы. Установлены основные направления получения эффектов устойчивого развития городов и реализации проектов развития их транспортных систем. Сформулированы рекомендации для обеспечения планирования устойчивого развития и построения методологии оценки эффективности транспортно-логистических систем и проектов их совершенствования. Ключевые слова: устойчивое развитие, транспорт, умный город, эффективность, экология, перевозки пассажиров, планирование.
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