Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is an inflammatory epidermal disorder associated with physical or immunological provocation that results in impaired skin barrier. The prevalence of ICD is found to be 17-30% in healthcare workers compared to general population. The first-line management strategies of ICD is based on prevention. Intensive hand cleansing is one of the causes of ICD. Hand hygiene is general term that refers to any action of hand cleansing. Hand hygiene practices include hand washing and hand rubbing with antiseptics. Hand hygiene is the most effective preventive measure in preventing infection control, especially in the era of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since December 2019. This disease is transmitted through inhalation or contact with infected droplets. Prevention and mitigation actions are key in controlling infection.

Introduction: Uremic xerosis with pruritus (UXP) is a chronic cutaneous complication among patients undergoing maintenance renal dialysis. Uremic xerosis level is directly related with pruritus severity or vice versa. Uremic xerosis with pruritus may lead to discomfort and negative psychological effect. The ethiopathogenesis still unknown, Most of treatments are empirical, and there is no effective and safe therapy. Emollient has not been effective enough to improve quality of life. There is some report about efficacy of topical vitamin D in xerosis and chronic pruritus. Objective: We evaluate the efficacy of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment for uremic xerosis and uremic pruritus in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Material & methode: Sixty two patients with UXP were enrolled, randomized double blind study. Patients were divided to two group, calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group or placebo. In baseline, patients were instructed to apply twice daily for four weeks. We assesesment the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol 0.005% ointment and placebo after 2nd and 4th weeks treatment using overall dry skin score (ODSS), visual analog scale (VAS), corneometer and sebumeter. We also assessed adverse effect and tolerance this drugs using visual assessment scale. Results: Overall dry skin score (ODSS) and visual analog scale (VAS) significantly decreased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Skin hydration level based on Corneometer score and skin surface lipid based on Sebumeter score was significantly increased in calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group than in placebo group (p <0.05). Cure rate and clinical improvement for calcipotriol 0.005% ointment group was significantly higher than placebo group. There was no adverse effect between two groups after treatment. Conclusion: calcipotriol 0.005% ointment is effective than placebo and can be used as alternative or adjuctive treatment and safe and tolerance for UXP.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin inflammation found in children with a varied course caused by external and internal factors. The incidence of AD in industrialized countries is 10-20% in children and 1-3% in adults. The main etiopathogenesis of AD is genetic and skin barrier disorders, immunologic disorders, and environment. Oxidative stress (SO) is the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that exceeds the defense capacity of the body's antioxidant system. Uncontrolled ROS production plays a major role in various skin diseases. Oxidative stress can damage the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of keratinocytes through lipid oxidation, as well as disrupt skin barrier function, increase the production of proinflammatory cytokines and worsen AD lesions. The main objectives of this literature review are to determine the role of oxidative stress in AD and antioxidants as adjunctive therapy.

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A B S T R A C TBackground: Xerosis skin and pruritus is the most commonly found in elderly withsymptoms mild to severe recurrent pruritus, the skin looks rough, scaly, fissured orcracked caused defects in the epidermal barrier function, increase co-morbidity aschronic infections and ulcers that are difficult to heal can decrease the quality of life.Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) has been traditionally used for people in tropical regionas a moisturizer and anti-bacterial effect. In recent study that essential plant oilmixture have effect synergistically as anti inflammatory, anti pruritus, promotingwound healing may act promoting barrier skin and therapeutic. Objective: Efficacyand safety of plant oil mixtures as therapeutic and maintenance moisturizer.forXerosis and pruritus in elderly Method:A randomized controlled trial was involved61 elderly from nursing home and geriatric clinic in Moh. Hoesin General Hospital.They were randomized into 2 groups: plant oil mixtures (n=30) and Virgin Coconutoil (VCO) (n=31), applied on the volar legs twice a day for 4 weeks.Outcomes weremeasured at baseline and weekly, week 2 and 4.To measure of clinical dry scoreused ODSS; pruritus severity and side effect used VAS; for skin hydration usedcorneometer CM825and for sebum level used sebumeter SM 810. Results:Clinicaldry score, pruritus severity of plants oil mixtures group were significantly decreasedthan VCO at week 2 and 4 (p 0.000). Skin hydration and sebum level of plants oilmixture group were significantly increased than VCO at week 2 and 4 (p0.000).Clinical dry score, pruritus severity, skin hydration, andskin sebum levels ofplant oil mixtures were significantly better than VCO at week 4 (p 0.000). There isno side effects on both of plant oil mixtures and VCO groups Conclusion: Plant oilmixtures add pureCelin oil showed better efficacy as a therapeutin and maintanancemoisturizer for xerosis and pruritus in elderly. Both of plant oil mixtures and VCOcan be tolerated and safe to use.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic and complex disease that affects various parts of the body. It can lead to multiple systemic complications and also cutaneous manifestation. Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is one of the most devastating complications of DM in dermatology. The main etiology is an increase in plasma glucose, risk factors, or comorbidities due to DM itself. Neglected DFU can lead to further complications, including high amputation and mortality rates; thus, the healing of ulcers is the main objective of the treatment. Management is divided into the standard of care and adjuvant therapies. This study aims to optimize DFU management, so it can provide proper treatment and prevent complications.

Background: Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) includes lesions on the skin, generally without involving the mucosa. Wounds in PF arise on the outer layer of the superficial skin, but if left untreated, the wound will not heal and will multiply. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing a variety of different growth factors can be used in wound care. This study was at a time to describe autologous PRP therapy in the treatment of excoriated erosional wounds in patients with pemphigus foliaceus. Case presentation: A woman, 35 years old, married, a housewife living in suburban, comes to the emergency department with complaints of blisters accompanied by pain in the face, body, and back which has been increasing since 1 month ago. Examination of the skin showed palpebral blisters on the eyelids of the left and right eyes. In the anterior and posterior trunk regions, proximal 1/3rd and suprapubic extremities, there are hyperpigmented erythematous macules, multiple, nummular-plaque, discrete, partially confluent, with white to brownish scales, single layer and exfoliative. In the posterior trunk region, Nikolsky's sign was positive. Laboratory evaluation showed an increase in leukocytes and neutrophils. ANA examination showed negative results and anti-ds-DNA 54.91. Management of pemphigus in the form of topical and systemic treatment. Topical management in the form of an open compress with 0.9% NaCl solution, Intrasite gel®, and closed Cutimed sorbact® for erosion and excoriation. Topical PRP was administered on the 7th day of treatment. On the 14th day after treatment with topical PRP, the patient is allowed to go home with the repair of lesions throughout the region. Conclusion: PRP therapy in cases of pemphigus foliaceus is very useful in improving the clinical condition of the patient.

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