This study aim was to determine the effectiveness of various types of ameliorant in improving soil chemical properties and rice yields in actual acid sulfate soils. The study was conducted in Tamban Baru Tengah village, Tamban Catur Subdistrict, Kapuas, Central Kalimantan, from April-September 2019. The research design used a Randomized Block Design with treatment (A1) 5 t ha−1 of lime given once at the beginning, (A2) 3 t ha−1 lime + 2 t ha−1 lime given at the rice age of 1 month, (A3) 3 t ha−1 lime + 2 t ha−1 ‘Porre’ organic fertilizer, (A4) 3 t ha−1 lime + 2 t ha−1 rice husk ask. Each treatment was replicated 4 times. Periodic soil observations included pH H2O, EC, SO4 2-, Fe2+ and Al3+, plant height, tillers number, and rice yields were observed. The results showed that the ameliorant treatment was able to reduce concentration of Fe2+ at planting from 6400 ppm to 1000-1500 ppm, SO4 2- from 8000 ppm to 2100 to 4300 ppm, Al3+ from 16.31 cmol(+) kg−1 to 5.2-6.7 cmol(+) kg−1. Lime combined with “Porre” organic fertilizer (A3) gave the highest rice yield (>17% higher than A1). The use of “Porre” organic fertilizer was able to reduce the use of lime in tidal swampland.

No abstract

Kebiasaan mengompol (enuresis) pada tahap anak toddler membutuhkan peran orangtua dan latihan yang optimal.Toilet training merupakan bentuk intervensi yang ditemukan memiliki hubungan dengan keberhasilan anak mengontrol berkemih, namun maraknya penggunaan diapers menyebabkan anak sulit untuk mengontrol berkemih. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan pemakaian diapers selama toilet training dengan kejadian enuresis pada anak usia 1-6 tahun. Desain penelitian menggunakan survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Total sampel sejumlah 39 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara pemakaian diapers dengan keberhasilan toilet training (p=0,012); tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara toilet training dengan kejadian enuresis (p=0,718); tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara penggunaan diapers dengan kejadian enuresis (p=0,623). Penggunaan diapers berhubungan dengan keberhasilan toilet training namun tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian enuresis. Orang tua hendaknya mempertimbangkan penggunakaan diapers dan faktor predisposisi lain dalam mengurangi kejadian enuresis anak dalam tahap usia perkembangannya.

This study aims to determine the effect of lime and nitrogen fertilizer on soil acidities characters, growth and nitrogen uptake of corn in total reclaimed of potential acid sulphate soil. A pot experiment with a completely randomized design arranged in factorial with three replications was conducted in the Greenhouse of Indonesian Swampland Agricultural Research Institute (ISARI) from August 2014 to December 2015. The first factor was the rate of lime as dolomite: (i) 25 t ha-1, and (ii) 37.5 t ha-1. The second factor was the type of nitrogen fertilizer: (a) control (without N), (b) nitrogen 115 kg ha-1, (c) chicken manure 6 t ha-1 (the total N content is 1.98%) and (d) nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 + 3 t ha-1 chicken manure. Urea (N content is 39.76%) was used for fertilization. The observed variables were the soil acidities properties (pH, Electrical conductivity/EC, available-H, available-Al) before, after total reclamation, and at the maximum vegetative stage of corn, plant growth and uptake of shoot nitrogen. The results showed that the process of consecutively aeration-leaching of the potential acid sulphate soils able to increase the soil pH, declining the EC value, as well as availabe bases, available-H, available-Al and the content of pyrite. The application of dolomite increased soil pH, EC, and available-H, while available-Al decreased, its effect was more pronounced in higher rate. Application of dolomite 25 t ha-1 and 37.5 t ha-1 respectively increased soil pH from 3.29 to 4.36 and 4.87, EC from 0.70 mS cm-1 to 1.51 mS cm-1, available-H from 1.30 cmol(+) kg-1 to 2.68 cmol(+) kg-1 and 1.44 cmol(+) kg-1 and decreased available-Al from 14.04 cmol(+) kg-1 to 4.71 cmol(+) kg-1 and 2.66 cmol(+) kg-1. However, these rates was not able to neutralize the existing acidity due to the acidity still being produced out of remaining pyrite which was still in active stages. It was showed increasing pH soil followed by EC. The interaction between the application of dolomite and nitrogen fertilizer is significantly influenced plant height and shoot N uptake. The highest plant height and shoot N uptake were 112 cm and 267.69 mg plant-1 respectively, were obtained in application dolomite 25 t ha-1 combined with nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 plus chicken manure 3 t ha-1. The highest of averages shoot and root dry weight was 20.97 g and 6.40 g respectively which were obtained in the application of nitrogen 57.5 kg ha-1 + chicken manure 3 t ha-1.

High acidity in acid sulfate soils due to pyrite oxidation results in increased Al3+ and Fe2+ activity which inhibits the growth of rice plants. The application of organic matter (compost) is one of the technology to manage acid sulfate soil. This study aims to obtain cellulolytic bacterial isolates that are superior in composting and improving rice growth in acid sulfate soil. The experiment carries out in the laboratory and glasshouse of the Indonesian Swampland Agriculture Research Institute (ISARI), Banjarbaru, Indonesia on May-November 2017. The experimental to obtain cellulolytic bacteria and water content that can accelerate composting is arranged by factorial using a complete randomized design with three replication First factor were cellulolytic bacteria application (without application/control, BS 1.6, BS 1.9, BS 2.2 and BS 2.5), while the second factor was water content (50%, 100%, and 150%). The effect of compost application with cellulolytic bacterial to rice growth arranged by factorial completely randomized design with 3 replications. The first factor was cellulolytic bacteria application (without application/control, BS 1.6, BS 1.9, and BS 2.2), while the second factor was composting condition (muddy waterlogged and waterlogged 5 cm depth). The result showed that the ability of cellulolytic bacteria to reduce C/N straw was not different. Only differences in water content affect the reducing C/N ratio of straw. The average C/N ratio of straw compost made with 50%, 100%, and 150% water content is 35.59; 29.71, and 29.21. Application of compost made under muddy waterlogged and inoculated BS1.9 and BS2.2 can increase the number of tillers, while those inoculated BS1.6 and BS1.9 can increase the rice shoot dry weight of Inpara 2. The suggest that cellulolytic bacterial inoculation can improve the quality of compost so that the growth of rice is better.

Based on integrated pest control, the use of toxic chemicals or chemical pesticides/insecticides is the last alternative if other components are no longer able to control, then pesticides/insecticides can be used. Currently, plant-based insecticides are being developed in controlling plant pests. Unwise and continuous use of chemical pesticides/insecticides will cause environmental pollution problems that result in pest outbreaks, pest resistance, and resurgence, ridding of non-targeted pests and natural enemies of plant pests and bad effects on consumers and pets. About 350-500 species of plants have the potentials to become sources of plant-based insecticides, from that number around 90-100 species of swamp plants have the potentials to be used as biological insecticides in controlling rice and vegetable/horticulture pests. Some of the plant species that extracts were used in this study were ‘jingah’, ‘tapak liman’, ‘simpur’ and ‘kamandrah’. This study was arranged in an experiment using a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 replications. The treatments given included extracts of 4 types of swamp plants plus 3 control treatments, namely control 1 (without pest control), control 2 (BGA plant-based insecticide treatment), and control 3 ('Dimehipo' chemical insecticide). From the results of the study it could be concluded that extracts for ‘jingah’, ‘tapak liman’, ‘simpur’ and ‘kamandrah’ were effective in controlling the main rice pests in the tidal swamp land. As for the yield of dried grain harvest in the swamp, plant extracts 4.54-4.62 and control of chemical insecticides 4.63 t/ha, BGA biological insecticide. For convenience for use, Jingahextracts need to be considered because this jingah plant extract can cause allergies and itching when exposed to the skin and is very disturbing for the user. Keywords: application, rice pest, tidal swamp, vegetable insecticide   ABSTRAK Berdasarkan pengendalian hama terpadu, penggunaan bahan kimia beracun atau pestisida/insektisida kimiawi merupakan alternatif terakhir apabila komponen lainnya tidak mampu lagi, baru pestisida/insektisida dapat digunakan. Bahkan sekarang ini mulai dikembangkan pestisida/insektisida nabati dalam mengendalikan hama tanaman. Penggunaan pestisida/insektisida kimiawi yang kurang bijak dan terus-menerus akan menyebabkan masalah pencemaran lingkungan yang berakibat terjadinya ledakan hama, terjadinya resistensi dan resurgensi hama, terbunuhnya hama bukan sasaran dan musuh alami hama tanaman, serta pengaruh buruk bagi konsumen dan hewan peliharaan. Di lahan rawa ditemukan sekitar 350-500 jenis tumbuhan/tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai insektisida nabati, dari jumlah tersebut sekitar 90-100 jenis tumbuhan rawa berpotensi sebagai bahan pembuatan insektisida nabati dalam mengendalikan hama padi, hama sayuran/hortikultura. Beberapa jenis tumbuhan tersebut yang ekstraknya digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah jingah, tapak liman, kamandrah dan pulai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaan yang menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi ekstrak empat macam tumbuhan rawa dan ditambah dengan 3 perlakuan kontrol, yaitu kontrol 1 (tanpa pengendalian), kontrol 2 (perlakuan insektisida nabati BGA) dan kontrol 3 (insektisida kimiawi Dimehipo). Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tumbuhan-tumbuhan jingah, tapak liman, simpur dan tumbuhan kamandrah efektif dalam mengendalikan hama utama padi di lahan rawa pasang surut. Hasil gabah kering panen dengan aplikasi ekstrak tumbuhan rawa adalah sebesar 4,54-4,62 t/ha dan kontrol insektisida kimia 4,63 t/ha, insektisida nabati BGA. Untuk kenyamanan bagi penggunakan maka ekstrak tumbuhan jingah perlu dipertimbangkan karena ekstrak tumbuhan jingah ini dapat menimbulkan alergi dan gatal-gatal kalau terkena kulit dan sangat mengganggu bagi pengguna. Kata kunci: hama padi, insektisida nabati, rawa pasang surut

Low productivity is one of the main problems to increase shallot productivity in tidal swamp lands. Biofertilizer is an alternative to increase soil fertility, plant productivity, inorganic fertilizer efficiency, and decrease environmental pollution. The aim of this research was to test the biofertilizer formula containing decomposer (Trichoderma sp), P-solubilizer (Bacillus sp), and N-fixer (Azospirillium sp and Azotobacter sp) to increase soil chemical properties and shallot productivity in tidal swamp lands. This research was conducted from July – September 2018 in Wanaraya District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan. The treatments involved (A) No fertilizer, (B) NPK (recommendation dose), (C) Biofertilizer, (D) Biofertilizer + NPK (50% of recommended dose), (E) Biofertilizer + NPK (75% of recommended dose). The treatment was arranged by randomized completely block design with four replications. Recommended dose of NPK fertilizer was NPK compound 500 kg ha−1, SP-36 150 kg ha−1, dan KCl 200 kg ha−1. Research results showed that biofertilizer formula combined by inorganic NPK fertilizer as much as 50 to 75 % of recommended dose could increase soil chemical properties and yielded as much as 2.39 to 6.19% compared to NPK fertilizer with recommended dose. For further development, this biofertilizer need to be tested at several locations with broader plot size.

Peat swamp forest have a high economic value and are potential for agricultural development. However, peatlad are fragile ecosystems because they are easily damaged and difficult to restore. The main problem of all peat soil types is their irreversible drying. In this condition the peat soil is easy burning, unable to store water, and if the groundwater is far from the surface, the plants will be stressed from lack of water. Therefore to support sustainable agricultural development on peatlands it requires careful planning, application of appropriate technology and suitable management. One of the land management systems that can be applied on peatlands is combining agricultural crop and forest plant (agroforestry). Forest plant and seasonal agriculture crops can increase CO2 absorption so that photosynthetic efficiency and oxygen production increase. These proses increase the production of biomass which can maintain soil organic matter and prevent erosion. Organic matter enhance the effectiveness of rewetting and water retention capacity. In addition, this system also affects the microclimate, such as the soil becoming more humid because it gets shade from the vegetation above it, so reduce temperature and elevated air moisture. Indirectly, agroforestry can reduce excessive evaporation and maintains the ground water level, especially during the dry season. This review aim to explain the role of intercropping system in peatland water conservation.