The crystal and molecular structures of octaisopropylcyclotetragermane, [(i-Pr)2Ge]4 have been determined by X-ray diffraction at room temperature. The triclinic structure was refined by the full matrix least-squares method to a final R = 0.049 for 5091 reflections. The Ge–Ge distances are in the range 2.47—2.48 Å. The Ge4 ring is nonplanar with a dihedral angle of ca. 17°. The Ge–Ge–C and C–Ge–C bond angles appear to bend away due to the steric repulsion of the isopropyl group.
A 128×128 three-dimensional MEMS optical switch module and a switching-control algorithm for high-speed connection and optical power stabilization are described. A prototype switch module enables the simultaneous switching of all optical paths. The insertion loss is less than 4.6 dB and is 2.3 dB on average. The switching time is less than 38 ms and is 8 ms on average. We confirmed that the maximum optical power can be obtained and optical power stabilization control is possible. The results confirm that the module is suitable for practical use in optical cross-connect systems.
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