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Micrometer-sized single crystals of spinel-type LiCoMnO 4 were synthesized by heating a mixture of LiOH·H 2 O, CoCl 2 , and MnCl 2 with a molar ratio of Li:Co:Mn = 1.5:1:1 at 750°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image showed that LiCoMnO 4 has cubic spinel structure with well-formed octahedral crystal shapes. The size of the obtained LiCoMnO 4 single crystal particles was about 13¯m. Rietveld analysis using power XRD data confirmed the cubic spinel-type structure with space group Fd-3m, and the lattice parameter of a = 8.05812(14) ¡. The tetrahedral 8a site was occupied by both Li and Co atoms with the occupancy values of Li/Co = 0.958/0.042. Electrochemical measurement exhibited the reversible Li-ion extraction and insertion reactions at high potentials. The discharge profile with the discharge capacity of 107 mAh g ¹1 showed three voltage plateaus at 5.1, 4.9, and 3.9 V; the former two corresponded to the redox reaction of Co 3+ /Co

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A carbonylative Mizoroki-Heck reaction using alkyl iodides was achieved with a Pd/photoirradiation system using DBU as a base. In this reaction, alkyl radicals were formed from alkyl iodides via single-electron transfer (SET) and then underwent a sequential addition to CO and alkenes to give β-keto radicals. It is proposed that DBU would abstract a proton α to carbonyl to form radical anions, giving α,β-unsaturated ketones via SET.

Sampling ecosystems, even at a local scale, at the temporal and spatial resolution necessary to capture natural variability in microbial communities are prohibitively expensive. We extrapolated marine surface microbial community structure and metabolic potential from 72 16S rRNA amplicon and 8 metagenomic observations using remotely sensed environmental parameters to create a system-scale model of marine microbial metabolism for 5904 grid cells (49 km2) in the Western English Chanel, across 3 years of weekly averages. Thirteen environmental variables predicted the relative abundance of 24 bacterial Orders and 1715 unique enzyme-encoding genes that encode turnover of 2893 metabolites. The genes' predicted relative abundance was highly correlated (Pearson Correlation 0.72, P-value <10−6) with their observed relative abundance in sequenced metagenomes. Predictions of the relative turnover (synthesis or consumption) of CO2 were significantly correlated with observed surface CO2 fugacity. The spatial and temporal variation in the predicted relative abundances of genes coding for cyanase, carbon monoxide and malate dehydrogenase were investigated along with the predicted inter-annual variation in relative consumption or production of ∼3000 metabolites forming six significant temporal clusters. These spatiotemporal distributions could possibly be explained by the co-occurrence of anaerobic and aerobic metabolisms associated with localized plankton blooms or sediment resuspension, which facilitate the presence of anaerobic micro-niches. This predictive model provides a general framework for focusing future sampling and experimental design to relate biogeochemical turnover to microbial ecology.