This article discusses Al-Cu-Li 2050 alloy developed, qualified, and produced by Alcan Aerospace as plates. AA2050 alloy offers a low density high corrosion resistant alternative to incumbent medium to thick plate alloys like 7050-T7451, and to thin plate alloys like 2024 or higher damage tolerant versions. The fundamentals behind the choice of the Al-Cu-Li chemistry are highlighted, as well as the property balance generated in a wide range of thickness from 12 to 127 mm (0.5 to 5 in.). Manufacturing behavior of the alloy when machining or friction stir welding is also discussed in detail. Finally, it is shown that the appropriate recycling investments and logistics permit the use of 2050 alloy at an acceptable level of extra cost per kilo saved, when weight benefits are taken into account.
Certain petroleum production activities cause naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) to accumulate in concentrations above natural background levels, making safe and cost-effective management of such technologically enhanced NORM (TENORM) a key issue for the petroleum industry. As a result, both industry and regulators are interested in identifying cost-effective disposal alternatives that provide adequate protection of human health and the environment. One such alternative, currently allowed in Michigan with restrictions, is the disposal of TENORM wastes in nonhazardous waste landfills. The disposal of petroleum industry wastes containing radium-226 (Ra-226) in nonhazardous landfills was modeled to evaluate the potential radiological doses and health risks to workers and the public. Multiple scenarios were considered in evaluating the potential risks associated with landfill operations and the future use of the property. The scenarios were defined, in part, to evaluate the Michigan policy; sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate the impact of key parameters on potential risks. The results indicate that the disposal of petroleum industry TENORM wastes in nonhazardous landfills in accordance with the Michigan policy and existing landfill regulations presents a negligible risk to most of the potential receptors considered in this study.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.