In this study, a series of Na–Zr/TiO2 photocatalysts
with different Na contents were synthesized via the sol–gel
process. The characterization of the materials showed that Na addition
facilitates the maintenance of anatase and excess Na led to particle
size increases because of the formation of Na2Ti3O7. The XPS results suggested that Na loading can increase
the number of oxygen vacancies, leading to more abundant surface hydroxyl
groups. The enhanced photocatalytic activities under visible light
irradiation can be attributed to a decreasing band gap and increasing
oxygen vacancies. The efficiency of the Na–Zr/TiO2 samples was investigated by the degradation of formaldehyde under
visible light. A high degradation rate of formaldehyde of approximately
96.6% was obtained with 2.5 mol % Na added to the Zr/TiO2 samples.
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