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A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of copper (Cu) on cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) uptake by several rice genotypes. The experiment was carried out as a 2×2×4 factorial with four rice genotypes and two levels of Cu and Cd in nutrient solution. Plants were grown in a growth chamber with controlled environment. The results showed a significant difference between the biomass of different rice genotypes (P < 0.001). The Cd and Cu concentration in the solution had no significant effect on the biomass. The addition of Cu significantly decreased Cd uptake by shoots and roots of rice (P < 0.001). The Cd concentration did not significantly influence Ca uptake by plants, whereas the Cu concentration did (P = 0.034). There was a significant influence of Cd on Fe uptake by shoots and roots (P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). Zn uptake decreased significantly as the addition of Cd and Cu increased in shoots. We concluded that Cu had significant influence on Cd uptake. The possible mechanisms were discussed.

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An evaluation index system of urban water resource vulnerability was constructed to objectively reflect the sustainable development capacity of water resources and provide reference for the construction of sustainable development cities. The improved analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight method were adopted to determine the combined index weights to achieve a unification of subjectivity and objectivity and make the calculation more accurate and reliable. A comprehensive evaluation method was used to build the water resource vulnerability evaluation model. The annual water resource vulnerability index and vulnerability grade were calculated and determined. The results showed that the water resource vulnerability index of Jinan showed a fluctuant trend from 2008 to 2017. The annual vulnerability grade was severe, moderate, or mild vulnerability, and there was a gradual reduction in vulnerability overall, which was consistent with the actual situation. In the future, if the industrial structure can be further reformed and optimized, the level of water resource management and the utilization efficiency of water resources can be further improved by strengthening the construction of smart water systems, and the water resource vulnerability grade will then be reduced.

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This paper uses the data of Chinese a-share listed companies from 2014 to 2017 to empirically test the influence of accounting conservatism on investment efficiency and the influence of board characteristics on the relationship between them. The study finds that accounting conservatism inhibits over-investment and aggravates under-investment; The relationship between accounting conservatism and excessive investment is significantly affected by the dual posts, the number of board meetings and board compensation incentives. The relationship between accounting conservatism and under-investment is significantly affected by the dual posts and board compensation incentive.