Understanding the function of moisture on perovskite is challenging since the random environmental moisture strongly disturbs the perovskite structure. Here, we develop various N2-protected characterization techniques to comprehensively study the effect of moisture on the efficient cesium, methylammonium, and formamidinium triple-cation perovskite (Cs0.05FA0.75MA0.20)Pb(I0.96Br0.04)3. In contrast to the secondary measurements, the established air-exposure-free techniques allow us directly monitor the influence of moisture during perovskite crystallization. We find a controllable moisture treatment for the intermediate perovskite can promote the mass transportation of organic salts, and help them enter the buried bottom of the films. This process accelerates the quasi-solid-solid reaction between organic salts and PbI2, enables a spatially homogeneous intermediate phase, and translates to high-quality perovskites with much-suppressed defects. Consequently, we obtain a champion device efficiency of approaching 24% with negligible hysteresis. The devices exhibit an average T80-lifetime of 852 h (maximum 1210 h) working at the maximum power point.

Drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction has drawn increasing interest due to its substantial position in the drug discovery process. Many studies have introduced computational models to treat DTI prediction as a regression task, which directly predict the binding affinity of drug-target pairs. However, existing studies (i) ignore the essential correlations between atoms when encoding drug compounds and (ii) model the interaction of drug-target pairs simply by concatenation. Based on those observations, in this study, we propose an end-to-end model with multiple attention blocks to predict the binding affinity scores of drug-target pairs. Our proposed model offers the abilities to (i) encode the correlations between atoms by a relation-aware self-attention block and (ii) model the interaction of drug representations and target representations by the multi-head attention block. Experimental results of DTI prediction on two benchmark datasets show our approach outperforms existing methods, which are benefit from the correlation information encoded by the relation-aware self-attention block and the interaction information extracted by the multi-head attention block. Moreover, we conduct the experiments on the effects of max relative position length and find out the best max relative position length value $k \in \{3, 5\}$. Furthermore, we apply our model to predict the binding affinity of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related genome sequences and $3137$ FDA-approved drugs.

Preparation of phase-pure and stable formamidinium-based lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskites is essential for fabricating high-performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report using very little CsPbBr3 perovskite (2%, molar ratio...

Tin oxide (SnO2) is widely used as an electron transport layer (ETL) to fabricate planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to their easy and low‐temperature processed fabrication. Enhancing carrier extraction and energy level alignment at the perovskite/SnO2 interface is vital to improve the device performance further. Here, we demonstrate a double‐layered SnO2/ NH4Cl‐SnO2 as an efficient ETL. The top NH4Cl‐SnO2 shows a better energy level alignment with the perovskite and reduced alkalinity to avoid perovskite degradation, resulting in enhanced electron extraction efficiency and interfacial stability. Furthermore, the bottom SnO2 retains the capability of efficient carrier transport to avoid charge accumulation. As a result, we achieve a champion device with a power conversion efficiency of 21.01% and negligible hysteresis. Moreover, the corresponding PSCs show much improved operational stability, retaining 80% of the initial efficiency after 1090 hours of operation at the maximum power point under 1‐sun illumination. While the pristine SnO2 based PSCs only insist on 278 hours before losing 20% of the initial efficiency.

Carrier recombination at the buried SnO 2 /perovskite interface limits the efficiency and stability of n-i-p-structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report an In 2 O 3 interfacial layer with the distinctive structure of the monolithic compact/nanostructured bilayer. The partial hydrolysis nature of the In 3+ ion enables the formation of nanorods on top of the compact In 2 O 3 layer when spin-coating the In(NO 3 ) 3 aqueous solution. This novel interfacial layer reduces the pinholes of the SnO 2 film and increases the contact area between the perovskite and electron transport material.

Structured light is a prevailing and reliable active approach of 3D object reconstruction. But complex ambience is undesirable in the measurement because it could cause severe noise and increase computing overhead. In this paper, we propose a structured light coded by spatially-distributed polarization state of the illuminating patterns. The proposed structured light has the advantage of enhancing target in 3D reconstruction by polarization cues. Specifically, this method can estimate the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) in the scene, distinguish target by DOLP and selectively reconstruct it. The coding strategy and the corresponding polarimetric principle are presented and verified by experimental results. As our approach takes advantage of the intrinsic properties of liquid crystal display (LCD) projector and requires no rotation of polarizer, it is effective and efficient for practical applications.

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Constructing 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions is effective for the surface passivation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, previous reports that studying perovskite post-treatment only physically deposits 2D perovskite on the 3D perovskite, and the bulk 3D perovskite remains defective. Herein, we propose Cl2-dissolved chloroform as a multifunctional solvent for concurrently constructing 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction and inducing the secondary growth of the bulk grains. The mechanism of how Cl2 affects the performance of PSCs is clarified. Specifically, the dissolved Cl2 reacts with the 3D perovskite, leading to Cl/I ionic exchange and Ostwald ripening of the bulk grains. The generated Cl− further diffuses to passivate the bulk crystal and buried interface of PSCs. Hexylammonium bromide dissolved in the solvent reacts with the residual PbI2 to form 2D/3D heterojunctions on the surface. As a result, we achieved high-performance PSCs with a champion efficiency of 24.21% and substantially improved thermal, ambient, and operational stability.