Space-division multiplexing (SDM), as a main candidate for future ultra-high capacity fibre-optic communications, needs to address limitations to its scalability imposed by computation-intensive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) digital signal processing (DSP) required to eliminate the crosstalk caused by optical coupling between multiplexed spatial channels. By exploiting the unique propagation characteristics of orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes in ring core fibres (RCFs), a system that combines SDM and C + L band dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) in a 34 km 7-core RCF is demonstrated to transport a total of 24960 channels with a raw (net) capacity of 1.223 (1.02) Peta-bit s−1 (Pbps) and a spectral efficiency of 156.8 (130.7) bit s−1 Hz−1. Remarkably for such a high channel count, the system only uses fixed-size 4 × 4 MIMO DSP modules with no more than 25 time-domain taps. Such ultra-low MIMO complexity is enabled by the simultaneous weak coupling among fibre cores and amongst non-degenerate OAM mode groups within each core that have a fixed number of 4 modes. These results take the capacity of OAM-based fibre-optic communications links over the 1 Pbps milestone for the first time. They also simultaneously represent the lowest MIMO complexity and the 2nd smallest fibre cladding diameter amongst reported few-mode multicore-fibre (FM-MCF) SDM systems of >1 Pbps capacity. We believe these results represent a major step forward in SDM transmission, as they manifest the significant potentials for further up-scaling the capacity per optical fibre whilst keeping MIMO processing to an ultra-low complexity level and in a modularly expandable fashion.
We report what we believe to be the first use of organic nanostructures for efficient colour conversion of gallium nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs). The particular nanomaterials, based on star-shaped truxene oligofluorenes, offer an attractive alternative to inorganic colloidal quantum dots in the search for novel and functional 'nanophosphors'. The truxenes have been formed into a composite with photoresist and ink-jet printed onto microstructured gallium nitride LEDs, resulting in a demonstrator hybrid microdisplay technology with pixel size approximately 32 microm. The output power density of the hybrid device was measured to be approximately 8.4 mW/cm(2) per pixel at driving current density of 870.8A/cm(2) and the efficiency of colour conversion at drive current of 7 mA was estimated to be approximately 50%.
Carbon dots (CDs) have great potentials in quantum emitters due to their simple synthesis, low cost, high stability, and tunable band gap; however, the low solid-state emission efficiency, as well as nanosecond-scale radiative lifetime, limits their applications requiring bright and fast emission. Here, a bright and ultrafast emission of red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) with narrow bandwidth (<30 nm) is achieved at room temperature by coupling with a plasmonic nanopatch antenna (NPA). The NPA manufacturing combines a conventional spin-coating process with a conformal transfer-print thin film technology, providing a widely applicable nanocavity for field enhancement with uniform quality in centimeter scale and accurate control of the position of emitters. The effective NPA−CD coupling generates an increase in the emission intensity of a factor of 76 and a shortened radiative lifetime of 80 ps, which demonstrates an 82-fold faster rate than the emission rate of uncoupled R-CDs. The NPA structure also shows striking enhancement of Raman spectra of carbon dots with an enhancement factor over 10 5 . These results may benefit the low-cost and large-scale fabrication of plasmonic cavity and enable carbon dots to find applications in quantum optics, from lowthreshold nanolaser to single-photon source.
Organic semiconductors have potentials for a broad range of applications. However, they are difficult to be integrated with traditional inorganic material to meet the need of further applications. Based on low-temperature silicon nitride (SiN x ) deposition technique, here we demonstrate a hybrid structure fabricated by directly depositing highquality SiN x on organic polymer film Poly[2-(2',5′-bis(2"-ethylhexyloxy)-phenyl) −1,4-phenylene vinylene] (BEHP-PPV). Stacked BEHP-PPV/SiN x hybrid structures with different periods are obtained and their optical properties are systematically characterized. Moreover, a group of BEHP-PPV embedded SiN x micro-disks are fabricated and amplification of spontaneous emission (ASE) is observed under optical pumping, further confirming that BEHP-PPV remains stable after the whole fabrication process. Our technique offers a platform to fabricate organic/inorganic hybrid optical devices compatible with integrated components.
Nowadays, great progress has been achieved in improving the activity of nanozymes, nevertheless there are still huge challenges to skillfully modulate the catalytic functions of nanozymes. Herein, a nanozyme (CZIF/Au)...
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