Meats (beef, pork and chicken) are considered to be an important part of human and animal diets due to the provision of high-quality protein, as well as fatty acids, amino acids and minerals (iron, zinc, selenium and vitamin B12) [1]. Milk is also known to be rich in amino acids, proteins, minerals and vitamins, as well as being good for muscle development [2]. Although meat and milk are comprised of different nutritional components, they are both used as sources of protein [3]. As such, the digestion of protein is essential for the growth and survival of living organisms. In fact, nearly 100% of animal proteins require some type of intestinal absorption process. Since proteins are difficult to digest, the gut microbiota is needed to help facilitate their digestion (Biffi A, 2019, Patents). Certain microbiota are used as probiotics to facilitate the digestion of amino acids in individuals who cannot easily digest protein, such as the elderly or children. For example, Lactobacillus is a genus of amino acid-fermenting bacteria whose members include species that utilize proteins to produce bioactive compounds, contributing to their immunoenhancing and antitumor properties [4-6]. The gut microbiota is increasingly becoming recognized for its involvement in digestion [7]. Gut microbiota can be modulated by dietary habitat and contributes to food digestion, immunomodulatory actions and gut homeostasis as well as gut diseases, metabolic disorders, and brain dysfunction [8-10]. In vivo studies investigating the changes in gut microbiota due to the dietary environment are actively under way [11-13]. However, in vitro studies examining the effects of beef, pork, chicken, and milk on the composition of intestinal microflora don't exist, excluding other factors, such as effects caused by the host or biologically active compounds. In order to evaluate the relationship between gut microorganisms and dietary animal protein sources, it is important to identify bacteria that contribute to the use of proteins and amino acids contained in beef, pork, chicken, and milk. In this study, we investigated changes in gut microbiota in response to beef, pork, chicken, and milk using next Beef, pork, chicken and milk are considered representative protein sources in the human diet. Since the digestion of protein is important, the role of intestinal microflora is also important. Despite this, the pure effects of meat and milk intake on the microbiome are yet to be fully elucidated. To evaluate the effect of beef, pork, chicken and milk on intestinal microflora, we observed changes in the microbiome in response to different types of dietary animal proteins in vitro. Feces were collected from five 6-week-old pigs. The suspensions were pooled and inoculated into four different media containing beef, pork, chicken, or skim milk powder in distilled water. Changes in microbial communities were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. The feces alone had the highest microbial alpha diversity. Among the treatment groups, beef showed the highest microbial ...
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