The relation of pediatric doses to body weight and body surface area was examined in patients whose plasma concentrations of phenobarbital,phenytoin,sodium valproate,carbamazepine,and theophylline were monitored.There existed definite correlations between the dose and body weight,or between the dose and body surface area.Among five drugs,the best correlation was obtained in theophylline.Moreover,the dose was correlated better with body surface area than with body weight.The doses per body weight of phenytoin and theophylline were significantly greater in children with age under 15 years old than in adults over 15 years old,and those of the other drugs also showed a similar tendency.On the other hand,there was no difference in the dose per body surface area between children and adults.The(plasma concentration/dose per body weight) ratios of phenobarbital,phenytoin and theophylline were significantly lower in children than in adults.Consequently,it seems that the doses in patients under therapeutic drug monitoring correlate better with body surface area than with body weight.
University Hospital,was collected by searching the literature.The number of drugs cited the pediatric doses in Japanese formulary'89 was less than that in Japanese formulary'74.The pediatric doses were cited in 608(21.6%)of 2817 drugs adopted in Japanese formulary 74,whereas they were cited in 301(13.1%)of 2295 drugs adopted in Japanese formulary'89.Antibiotics was the class of drugs whose pediatric doses were most cited in both formularies.The pediatric doses were described more in terms of age than in terms of body weight or body surface area in Japanese formulary'74.On the other hand,those in Japanese formulary'89were described more in terms of body weight than in terms of age.Any information on pediatric doses could be collected in approximately 80% of the drugs adopted in Kumamoto University Hospital by searching the literature.
A weight variation test,a content uniformity test,and a dissolution test were carried out,in five commercial sustained release preparations of isosorbide dinitrate(ISDN).The weight variation test and the content uniformity test with the preparations showed a small variation in each case.Their release patterns including release profile,release rate,and mean dissolution time(MDT)of ISDN were different among them.Percent of ISDN released in 8 h decreased in the following order; Kalliant TP>Nitorol R>Helpinin-R>Frandol>Rifatac-L,and MDT increased in the same order.Significant differences in cumulative percent of drug released were observed among some lots of Helpinin-R,Kalliant TP and Rifatac-L while no such difference was noted in Nitorol R and Frandol.
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