The need for concurrency in modern software is increasingly fulfilled by utilizing the message passing paradigm because of its modularity and scalability. In the message passing paradigm, concurrently running processes communicate by sending and receiving messages. Asynchronous messaging introduces the possibility of message ordering problems: two messages with a specific order in the program text could take effect in the opposite order in the program execution and lead to bugs that are hard to find and debug. We believe that the engineering of message passing software could be easier if more is known about the characteristics of message ordering problems in practice. In this work, we present an analysis to study and quantify the relation between ordering problems and semantics variations of their underlying message passing paradigm in over 30 applications. Some of our findings are as follows: (1) semantic variations of the message passing paradigm can cause ordering problems exhibited by applications in different programming patterns to vary greatly; (2) some semantic features such as in-order messaging are critical for reducing ordering problems; (3) modular enforcement of aliasing in terms of data isolation allows small test configurations to trigger the majority of ordering problems. Disciplines Computer Sciences | Software Engineering Comments
In recent years, miniaturization and integration have become the development trends of electronic devices. With the power of electronic devices continuing to increase, the amount of heat generated is sharply increasing. Thermal interface material (TIM) can effectively improve heat transfer between two solid interfaces, and it plays an important role in the performance, service life and stability of electronic devices. In this case, higher requirements are put forward for thermal management, so much attention is also attached to the innovation and optimization of TIM. In this paper, recent research development of TIM is reviewed. Rheology-based modeling and design are discussed for the widely used polymeric TIMs. It is discussed for the effects of thermal conductive fillers on the properties of composites. Many studies have shown that some polymers filled with high thermal conductivity and low loss ceramics are well suitable for electronic packaging for device encapsulation. Until now, extensive attentions have been paid to the preparation of polymeric composites with high thermal conductivity for the application in electronic packaging. Finally, the problems are also discussed and the research directions of TIM in the future are prospected.
Implicit concurrency between handlers is important for event driven systems because it helps simultaneously promote modularity and scalability. Knowing the side-effect of the handlers is critical in these systems to avoid concurrency hazards such as data races. As event systems are dynamic because statically known and unknown handlers can register at almost any time during program execution, static effect analyses must reconcile over competing goals such as precision, soundness and modularity. We recently developed asynchronous, typed events, a system that can analyze the effects of the handlers at runtime. This mechanism utilizes runtime information to enable precise effect computation and greatly improves concurrency between handlers.In this paper, we present the formal underpinnings of asynchronous, typed events, and examine the concurrency safety properties it provides. The technical innovations of our system include a novel effect system to soundly approximate the dynamism introduced by runtime handlers registration, a static analysis to precompute the effects and a dynamic analysis that uses the precomputed effects to improve concurrency. Our design simplifies modular concurrency reasoning and avoids concurrency hazards.
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