Background and purposeThe relationship between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and the prognostic and clinicopathological significance in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has been reported by many studies. However, inconsistent results have been presented. The current study aimed to investigate the prognostic and clinicopathological role of NLR, PLR, and LMR in patients with ESCC by meta-analysis.MethodsEligible studies were identified in databases and the relationship between NLR/PLR/LMR and the prognosis or clinicopathological features in patients with ESCC was evaluated. OR or HR with 95% CI was calculated to estimate the risk or hazard association.ResultTwenty-six studies including 8,586 ESCC patients were included for the analysis. We found that high NLR, PLR and low LMR were associated with poor overall survival/cancer-specific survival and event-free survival and malignant phenotypes such as deeper depth of invasion (T), positive lymph node metastasis (N), and advanced TNM stage.ConclusionNLR, PLR, and LMR might serve as prognostic markers in patients with ESCC.

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel was modified with NIPAAm via a green, efficient, and industrially applicable photo induced electron transfer-reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (PET-RAFT) polymerization catalyzed by organic dye. The hydrophilicity of PVA-g-pNIPAAm became temperature sensitive due to the introduction of pNIPAAm polymer brushes. It was surprising that PVA-g-pNIPAAm became superhydrophilic (WCA = 4.3 ) at 25 C while the grafting yield was 39.3%. In addition, no cytotoxic for primary human eyelid fibroblast cells was observed according to ISO 10993.5:2009.Antifouling properties of PVA-g-pNIPAAm were significantly improved due to the increase of surface steric repulsion effect. Drug release property of PVA-g-pNIPAAm was more controllable than PVA hydrogel. Thus, organic dye catalyzed PET-RAFT polymerization could be applied to construct functional surface on biomaterials, and PVA-g-pNIPAAm hydrogel with lower cytotoxic, higher antifouling, and drug release properties had great potential in drug delivery.

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