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Abstract:The establishment of low-carbon cities has been suggested all over the World, since cities are key drivers of energy usage and the associated carbon emissions. This paper presents a scenario analysis of future energy consumption and carbon emissions for the city of Beijing. The Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning (LEAP) model is used to simulate a range of pathways and to analyze how these would change energy consumption and carbon emissions from 2007 to 2030. Three scenarios have been designed to describe future energy strategies in relation to the development of Beijing city, namely a reference scenario (RS), control scenario (CS), and integrated scenario (IS). The results show that under the IS the total energy demand in Beijing is expected to reach 88.61 million tonnes coal equivalent (Mtce) by 2030 (59.32 Mtce in 2007), 55.82% and 32.72% lower than the values under the RS and the CS, respectively. The total carbon emissions in 2030 under the IS, although higher than the 2007 level, will be 62.22% and 40.27% lower than under the RS and the CS, respectively, with emissions peaking in 2026 and declining afterwards. In terms of the potential for reduction of energy consumption and carbon emissions, the industrial sector will continue to act as the largest contributor under the IS and CS compared with the RS, while the building and transport sectors are identified as promising fields for achieving effective control of energy consumption and carbon emissions over the next two decades. The calculation results show that an integrated package of measures is the most effective in terms of energy savings and carbon emissions mitigation, although it also faces the largest challenge to achieve the related targets. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2011, 4 2296

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BackgroundConcern about the risk of peripheral facial palsy (PFP) following vaccination is one reason for hesitancy in influenza vaccination. However, the association between the flu vaccine and PFP is still controversial, and further evidence is urgently needed.MethodsThis self-controlled case series study evaluated PFP risk following inactivated influenza vaccine in the elderly using a large linked database in Ningbo, China. Relative incidence ratios (RIRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimated using conditional Poisson regression were utilized to determine whether the risk of PFP was increased after vaccination.ResultsThis study included 467 episodes, which occurred in 244 females and 220 males. One hundred twenty-four episodes happened within 1–91 days after vaccination, accounting for 26.7%. The adjusted RIRs within 1–30 days, 31–60 days, 61–91 days, and 1–91 days after influenza vaccination were 0.95 (95% CI 0.69–1.30), 1.08 (95% CI 0.78–1.49), 1.01 (95% CI 0.70–1.45), and 1.00 (95% CI 0.81–1.24), respectively. Similar results were found in subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionsInfluenza vaccination does not increase PFP risk in the elderly population. This finding provides evidence to overcome concerns about facial paralysis after influenza vaccination.

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Urbanization is one of the major threats to the dynamic inheritance of the agricultural heritage system (AHS). The ability to achieve sustainable development in intra-urban areas is an essential proposition related to the innovation of AHS conservation principles. The Haizhu high bed-low ditch agroecosystem (HHBLDA), a China-Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage System site located at the center of Guangzhou City, is taken as an example in this study. The effect of implementing the Land Acquisition to Keep Agricultural Use (LAKAU) on intra-urban AHS conservation is assessed through literature collection and review, field survey, and in-depth interviews. The results show that the LAKAU was implemented because of a three-decades-long struggle between ecological conservation and urban sprawl. Because of the important functions of ecosystem services, the AHS can coexist with urban land use in the course of rapid urbanization. The LAKAU mode can ensure that the nature of farmland remains unchanged, which is an effective strategy for the conservation of an urban AHS. The resulting problems, such as high operating costs, insufficient agricultural outputs, and insufficient local farmers in the AHS site because of off-farm opportunities, should be addressed by establishing an effective self-sustaining mechanism. Realizing the compatibility of management concepts between the AHS and nature reserves, adapting to the changing role of farmers, and strengthening the acceptance of the AHS by urban managers should attract the attention of decision-makers.