Image local invariant features have been used in a wide range of applications, e.g., image retrieval, object categorization and robot localization. The matching of local feature points involves a succinct and discriminative descriptor for each point. However, current local descriptors use only neighborhood information, which typically suffer the lack of global context and fail to resolve ambiguities that can occur locally when an image has multiple similar regions. Although some methods have proposed to enrich the discriminative power of local descriptors with global or contextual information, these descriptors typically have higher dimension, which results in matching efficiency declined. This paper proposes a method for image local invariant features matching using local and global information, separately. Firstly, local feature points are detected and described using neighborhood information in two images. And then initial matched points are obtained by local descriptors. Next, new coordinate systems are created in the two images using each pair of initial matched feature points. In the new coordinate systems, the spatial locations of the other matched points are used to form the global feature vectors. Finally, the total relative location errors are computed for filtering out the mismatches. This method makes full use of the local and global features to avoid using only local neighborhood information to characterize the feature points. Experimental results show that the global feature vector proposed can express the global information of the feature point, and filter out the mismatches effectively. The accuracy of the matched point set is improved prominently.
A large number of domains are abused every day for cybercrime. At the same time, the fight against abusive domains is not the fight of one person or organization but a battle that requires the cooperation of the entire community. However, very little research has been done to quantify the positive benefits of this strategy for dealing with abusive domains. As a result, using pornography and gambling domain names as examples, we present the first empirical study evaluating the usability and effectiveness of all Internet entities (e.g., registrars and hosting providers) in the DNS ecosystem for receiving and handling abusive domain reports. First, the paper thoroughly demonstrates the mechanisms for receiving and handling abusive domain reports at various Internet entities in China. Second, we select and report the appropriate 2433 abusive domains to 43 service providers across six categories of Internet entities. Finally, we discover the methods and response time used by each Internet entity to handle abuse reports based on the changes in reported domains. Based on the above data, we analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of Internet entities in dealing with abusive domains. Moreover, we indicate the scope of protection and disadvantages of each method, i.e., whether the abusive domain can escape handling. The paper aims to provide a more detailed overview and reference for the security communities, service providers, and Internet entities concerned with dealing with abusive domains.
The persistence of antibiotics in sewage treatment plants in recent years has become a serious problem. Meanwhile, humic acid and ammonia nitrogen are widely distributed in natural reservoirs and might influence the sorption, migration and transformation of antibiotics. In this study, natural zeolite (NZ) was evaluated as an adsorbent for the removal of levofloxacin (LEV). The physical and chemical properties of NZ before and after adsorption were characterized by various analytical techniques to develop the mechanism. The effects of ammonia nitrogen and humic acid (HA) on the interfacial behavior of LEV on NZ were explored. Comparative experiments revealed that LEV adsorption on NZ involved electrostatic interactions and ion exchange, and the adsorption processes were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudosecond-order kinetic model. The maximum experimental adsorption capacity of LEV was 22.17 mg·g−1 at pH 6.5. The presence of ammonia nitrogen and HA significantly suppressed the adsorption of LEV due to competitive adsorption, and the adsorption capacity decreased 58 and 46%, respectively. It is obvious that low concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and HA are conducive to improving the treatment effect of sewage. This study demonstrates that NZ is a promising and efficient material for LEV adsorption.
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