Highlights d Rice ROD1 suppresses immunity via catalase activation and ROS scavenging d ROD1 is a Ca 2+ -sensor fine-tuned by ubiquitinationmediated protein degradation d Natural ROD1 variants influence indica and japonica rice immunity d The fungal effector AvrPiz-t exploits the ROD1 cascade to promote virulence

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This phase 2 study explored tislelizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy as first-line treatment of advanced lung cancer. Material and Methods: Eligible patients had histologically/cytologically confirmed advanced/metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSQ), squamous NSCLC (SQ), or extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). All patients received tislelizumab 200 mg in combination with 4-6 cycles of platinum-doublet. The NSQ cohort received pemetrexed + platinum Q3W for 4 cycles followed by pemetrexed maintenance, the SQ cohort received paclitaxel + platinum (A) or gemcitabine + platinum (B) Q3W, and the SCLC cohort received etoposide + platinum Q3W. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST v1.1. Progression-free survival (PFS) and tolerability profile were secondary endpoints; exploratory endpoints included overall survival (OS) and predictive biomarkers. Results: Fifty-four patients (NSQ, n = 16; SQ = 21 [SQ-A, n = 15; SQ-B, n = 6]; SCLC, n = 17) were enrolled; as of February 25, 2019, 14 remained on treatment. Confirmed ORRs were 44% (NSQ), 80% (SQ-A), 67% (SQ-B), and 77% (SCLC). Median PFS were 9.0 months (NSQ), 7.0 months (SQ-A), and 6.9 months (SCLC); PFS in SQ-B are not mature. Median OS was not reached in all cohorts except for SCLC (15.6 months). Common treatmentemergent AEs included anemia (79.6%, n = 43) and decreased white blood cell count (74.1%, n = 40). Gene expression analyses revealed distinct patterns by histology type; lower tumor inflammation signature levels were observed among nonresponding patients with NSQ and SCLC. Conclusions: Tislelizumab plus chemotherapy demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity, was generally well tolerated, and distinct immune-and cell cycle-related gene signatures were associated with efficacy across cohorts.

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SYNOPSISIn this paper, hydrophilic microporous cellulose nitrate membranes have been surfacemodified by plasma polymerization of octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB) . The microporous composite membranes with a hydrophilic layer sandwiched between two hydrophobic layers have been obtained. The obtained composite membranes have been used in a membrane distillation ( MD) process and have exhibited good performance. The effects of polymerization conditions, such as glow-discharge power and deposition time, on the structures and MD performances of the obtained composite membranes have been investigated by SEM, X-ray microscopical analysis, and XPS. The polymerization conditions should be as mild as possible in order to prepare the hydrophobic composite membrane with good MD performance. The typical MD behaviors of the obtained hydrophobic composite membranes are in agreement with that of hydrophobic membranes directly prepared from hydrophobic polymeric materials, like PVDF, PTFE, or PP.