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Background. Endothelial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy are considered to be important vascular complications associated with diabetes. This study was designed to investigate whether capsaicin (CAP), a selective TRPV1 agonist, could prevent diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction and cardiomyopathy. Methods. Male Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg) to establish the diabetes model. The diabetic rats were randomly divided into the untreated diabetes group (DM, 10/group) and diabetes plus CAP treatment group (DM+CAP, 10/group); meanwhile, the nondiabetic healthy rats were used as normal controls (10/group). DM+CAP group were treated with CAP by gavage for 8 weeks. The cultured mouse vascular endothelial cells were exposed to different concentrations of glucose in the presence or absence of CAP treatment. The TRPV1 inhibitor capsazepine (CPZ) and eNOS inhibitor L-NAME were used in vivo and in vitro experiment. Results. CAP treatment significantly decreased the serum total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) and ameliorated the pathogenesis and fibrosis in the heart, while did not significantly improve plasma glucose level and the body weights of diabetic rats. In addition, CAP enhanced the expression of TRPV1 and eNOS in the heart and normalized the vascular permeability under diabetic state. Similarly, CAP treatment also increased nitric oxide and reduced reactive oxygen species. The same results were observed in cultured mouse vascular endothelial cells by CAP treatment. These beneficial effects of CAP were abolished by either CPZ or L-NAME. Conclusions. CAP might protect against hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy through TRPV1/eNOS pathway.

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Hyperlipidemia is recognized as one of the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseases. Daming capsule, a Chinese patent medicine, has shown definitive efficacy in patients with hyperlipidemia. In this study, serum biochemistry and histopathology assessment were used to investigate the lipid‐lowering effect of Daming capsule. Furthermore, urinary metabolomics based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was conducted to identify the urinary biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia and discover the underlying mechanisms of the antihyperlipidemic action of Daming capsule. After 10 weeks of treatment, Daming capsule significantly lowered serum lipid levels and ameliorated hepatic steatosis induced by a high‐fat diet. A total of 33 potential biomarkers associated with hyperlipidemia were identified, among which 26 were robustly restored to normal levels after administration of Daming capsule. Pathway analysis revealed that the lipid‐lowering effect of Daming capsule is related to the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways including vitamin B and amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and pentose phosphate pathway. Notably, the study demonstrates that metabolomics is a powerful tool to elucidate the multitarget mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines, thereby promoting their research and development.

Background: This study aimed to compare the effects of different depths of sedation during propofol anesthesia on postoperative recovery 24 h after knee arthroscopy day surgery in adult patients.Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial involved 126 patients (ASA physical status 1-2) who were scheduled to undergo arthroscopic day surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the light-sedation (L-Group) or deep-sedation (D-Group). In the L-group, the bispectral index values were kept in the range of 50-59; in the D-group, the bispectral index values were maintained in the range of 40-49. The Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) score assessed 24 h postoperatively using a 15-item questionnaire was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included Athens Insomnia Scale scores, postoperative pain scores, nausea or vomiting.Results: The total QoR-15 score 24 h postoperatively was similar in the two groups (L-group median:130, IQR [127][128][129][130][131][132] vs. D-group median:131, IQR [126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135], p = 0.089). But among the five dimensions of the QoR-15, physiological comfort was significantly better in the D-group than L-group (p < 0.001). The time to open eyes (p < 0.001), follow the command (p < 0.001) and to extubation (p < 0.001) after surgery in the L-group were shorter than the D-group. The Athens Insomnia Scale scores (p < 0.001) and incidence of dreaming (p = 0.041) at the first postoperative night in the L-group was significantly higher than those in the D-group. Propofol consumption in the L-group was less than D-group (p < 0.001). Conclusion:For patients undergoing arthroscopic day surgery, general anesthesia with high-bispectral-index (50-59) cannot improve the total QoR-15 score 24 h postoperatively after surgery, but can lessen propofol consumption, reduce the time of extubation and anesthesia recovery period, compared with low-bispectralindex (40-49). Patients exposed to general anesthesia with low-bispectral-index values (40-49) may have better quality sleep and physical comfort than those with high-bispectral-index values (50-59).

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